The electroslag welding process involves high heat inputs and high deposition rates. In this process, the weld region is surrounded by the base metal and/or devices; therefore, it is difficult to observe the phenomenon and understand the mechanism of weld formation. In this study, we directly observe the molten region formed during the process and construct a numerical model to discuss the phenomena especially the construction of the molten region, the flow field of the molten region, and the metal transfer. A device for direct observation was constructed, and the molten region was observed. The molten slag flows from the wire tip to the molten metal interface, and the direction of flow is changed to the side at the interface. The molten metal flows from the center to the side region at the interface of the slag and metal. The penetration depth is governed by the behavior of the molten metal. In addition, droplet transfer from the wire is observed, and this transfer occurs in the spray or rotating mode. The simulation results indicate a tendency similar to that deduced via direct observations. Thus, the mechanism of penetration can be elucidated more clearly using these tools.

电渣焊工艺涉及高热量输入和高沉积速率。在此过程中，焊接区域被贱金属和/或设备包围；因此，很难观察到这种现象并了解焊缝形成的机理。在这项研究中，我们直接观察过程中形成的熔融区域，并建立一个数值模型来讨论现象，特别是熔融区域的构造，熔融区域的流场和金属转移。构造了用于直接观察的装置，并且观察了熔融区域。熔融炉渣从焊丝尖端流到熔融金属界面，并且流向改变到界面侧。熔融金属在炉渣与金属的界面处从中心流向侧面区域。渗透深度由熔融金属的行为决定。另外，观察到从金属丝的液滴转移，并且该转移以喷雾或旋转模式发生。模拟结果表明趋势类似于通过直接观察得出的趋势。因此，使用这些工具可以更清楚地阐明渗透机理。