Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder, associated with moderate to severe intellectual disability. While life expectancy of Down syndrome population has greatly increased over the last decades, mortality rates are still high and subjects are facing prematurely a phenomenon of atypical and accelerated aging. The presence of an immune impairment in Down syndrome subjects is suggested for a long time by the existence of an increased incidence of infections, the incomplete efficacy of vaccinations, and a high prevalence of autoimmunity. Immunologic abnormalities have been described since many years in this population, both from a numerical and a functional points of view, and these abnormalities can mirror the ones observed during normal aging. In this review, we summarize our knowledge on immunologic disturbances commonly observed in subjects with Down syndrome, and in innate and adaptive immunity, as well as regarding chronic inflammation. We then discuss the role of accelerated aging in these observed abnormalities and finally review the potential age-associated molecular and cellular mechanisms involved.

唐氏综合症是最常见的染色体疾病，与中度至重度智力障碍有关。在过去的几十年中，尽管唐氏综合症人口的预期寿命大大增加，但是死亡率仍然很高，受试者过早地面临非典型和加速衰老的现象。长期以来，唐氏综合症患者存在免疫缺陷，这是由于感染的发生率增加，疫苗接种的功效不完全以及自身免疫的普遍性所致。从数量和功能的角度来看，该人群多年来一直在描述免疫学异常，这些异常可以反映正常衰老期间观察到的异常。在这篇评论中 我们总结了我们在唐氏综合症患者，先天性和适应性免疫以及慢性炎症中常见的免疫系统疾病的知识。然后，我们讨论了在这些观察到的异常中加速衰老的作用，并最终回顾了潜在的与年龄相关的分子和细胞机制。