Tailing dam failures are most common worldwide that should be. The recent disasters of Fundão dam (2015) and Córrego do Feijão dam (2019) are among the worst of these disasters in terms of human, social, environmental, and economic costs. The Córrego do Feijão dam collapsed at 12:28 p.m. on Jan. 25, 2019, killing 272 people, with 11 still missing. The dam had 76 m high, with a crest of 720 m. It stored 12 Mt iron ore tailings, mostly composed by sand to silt-sized hematite, goethite, and quartz. Its sudden collapse provoked (a) a rotational slide which destroyed the complete dam structure; (b) a debris avalanche; (c) a debris flow; and (d) a mudflow, composed by a mixture between tailings material and the soil. The debris flow velocity is estimated to be at least 90 km/h in the first 500 m downstream of the dam. CENACID team subdivided into the affected area into zones of destructive capability (ZDC), from ZDC1 to ZDC4, in order of increasing destructivity. The ZDC4 comprises both a debris avalanche and an extremely high-energy debris flow, where basal and lateral erosion predominates. In the ZCD3, the material is transitioning from low-energy debris flow to mud flow because of the increase of soil mixed with the tailings. The ZDC2 comprises high-energy mudflow, with predominance of deposition over erosion. The ZDC1 is a low-energy mudflow that is deposited in the Paraopeba River. In the river channel, the finer sediment has been carried downwards either as a bedload or as a suspension load. The qualitative preliminary analysis of this anthropogenic gravitational mass movement enhances our understanding of this type of disaster. This initial quantitative analysis is important to improve the risk analysis in tailings dam failure events.

中文翻译：

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人为流动型重力质量运动：Córrego do Feijão 尾矿坝灾难，巴西布鲁马迪尼奥

尾矿坝故障在世界范围内应该是最常见的。最近发生的 Fundão 大坝（2015 年）和 Córrego do Feijão 大坝（2019 年）的灾难在人类、社会、环境和经济成本方面是这些灾难中最严重的。Córrego do Feijão 大坝于 2019 年 1 月 25 日下午 12:28 倒塌，造成 272 人死亡，仍有 11 人失踪。坝高76 m，坝顶720 m。它储存了 12 吨铁矿石尾矿，主要由沙子到粉砂大小的赤铁矿、针铁矿和石英组成。它的突然倒塌引发了 (a) 旋转滑坡，破坏了整个大坝结构；(b) 碎片雪崩；(c) 泥石流；(d) 泥浆流，由尾矿材料和土壤之间的混合物组成。在大坝下游的前 500 m 处，泥石流速度估计至少为 90 km/h。CENACID 团队将受影响区域细分为破坏能力区 (ZDC)，从 ZDC1 到 ZDC4，按照破坏性增加的顺序。ZDC4 包括碎屑雪崩和极高能量的碎屑流，其中基底和侧向侵蚀占主导地位。在 ZCD3 中，由于与尾矿混合的土壤增加，物质正在从低能泥石流过渡到泥流。ZDC2 包含高能泥流，主要是沉积而不是侵蚀。ZDC1 是沉积在 Paraopeba 河中的低能量泥流。在河道中，较细的沉积物作为底泥或悬浮负载向下携带。对这种人为引力质量运动的定性初步分析增强了我们对此类灾难的理解。