Although, the friction method is well known for metals surface modification, the novelty of the article is based on the new idea of ceramics surface treatment with metal. The paper describes AlN ceramic metallization process by titanium coating deposition, obtained in friction surfacing method, which has been developed by the authors. The friction energy is directly transformed into heat and delivered in a specified amount precisely to the joint being formed between the metallic layer and the ceramics substrate material. The stress and temperature fields (as factors promoting the formation of diffusion joints) induced in the joint during the metallization process were qualitatively determined with the finite element method analysis and these results were verified experimentally. Finally, obtained structures of the metallic coatings were investigated and the results are discussed in the paper. As a novelty it was found, that the conditions of frictional metallization can favour the formation of a coating-substrate bond based on diffusion phenomena and atomic bonds of the coating components with the components of the substrate, despite the fact that it happens for metal–ceramics pairs. This type of connection is usually associated with long-term heating/annealing in chamber furnaces, because for diffusion in a solid state the most effective factor is time and temperature. It was shown that other components of the chemical potential gradient, such as temperature gradient, gradient and stress level, load periodicity and configuration of pairs of elements with high chemical affinity may play an important role in friction metallization. As a result, the relatively short time of operation (friction) is compensated.

中文翻译：

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初始FEM验证的摩擦AlN陶瓷金属化的新方法

尽管摩擦方法在金属表面改性方面是众所周知的，但本文的新颖性是基于用金属对陶瓷进行表面处理的新思想。作者介绍了通过摩擦堆焊法获得的通过钛涂层沉积的AlN陶瓷金属化工艺。摩擦能直接转化为热量，并以指定的量精确地传递到金属层和陶瓷基体材料之间形成的连接处。通过有限元方法分析定性地确定了金属化过程中在接头中引起的应力和温度场（作为促进扩散接头形成的因素），并通过实验验证了这些结果。最后，研究了金属涂层的结构，并对结果进行了讨论。作为一种新颖发现，摩擦金属化的条件可以促进基于涂层成分与基材成分之间的扩散现象和原子键的涂层-基材键的形成，尽管事实上这种情况发生在金属-陶瓷对。这种类型的连接通常与室式炉中的长期加热/退火相关，因为对于固态扩散，最有效的因素是时间和温度。结果表明，化学势梯度的其他成分，例如温度梯度，梯度和应力水平，负载周期性和具有高化学亲和力的成对元素的构型，可能在摩擦金属化中起重要作用。