Provenances, which record the history of data acquisition and transmission, are hard to be transmitted in resource-tightened wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to their drastic size expansion with the increase in packet transmission hops. To ease the burden caused by the provenance transmission, we first designed a two-dimensional covert timing channel (2dCTC) and then applied it to provenances transmission in WSNs. Based on Cantor Expansion, 2dCTC uses pseudo packet IDs permutation and packet sizes variation together to form a two-dimensional communication medium. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that 2dCTC not only has a much higher channel capacity than those of most of the known CTCs, but also conserves more energy for provenance transmission in WSNs. Furthermore, 2dCTC provides a new way to increase CTCs channel capacity and stealthiness through multi-dimensional approaches.

中文翻译：

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WSN中通过二维隐式定时通道进行源传输

记录数据采集和传输历史的资源由于其数据包传输跳数的增加而急剧扩展，因此在资源紧张的无线传感器网络（WSN）中很难传输。为了减轻源传输带来的负担，我们首先设计了一个二维隐蔽定时通道（2dCTC），然后将其应用于WSN中的源传输。基于Cantor扩展，2dCTC使用伪包ID置换和包大小变化共同形成二维通信介质。理论分析和实验结果均表明，2dCTC不仅具有比大多数已知CTC更高的信道容量，而且还为WSN中的出处传输节省了更多能量。此外，