The New World scarab beetle tribe Phanaeini contains coprophagous, necrophagous, mycetophagous and suspected myrmecophilous species. We analyse the largest tribal molecular dataset assembled, incorporating, for the first time, the enigmatic monobasic genus Megatharsis, the thalassinus group of the subgenus Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus), and the subgenus Dendropaemon (Eurypodea) (formerly Tetramereia), unveiling their macroevolutionary and biogeographical history in light of Cenozoic abiotic changes and inferring shifts in feeding biology through time. We recover the contentious genus Gromphas outside an otherwise monophyletic Phanaeini. We infer Megatharsis in a clade containing the apparent myrmecophilous genus Dendropaemon, within the Coprophanaeus clade, and demonstrate that the subgenus Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) is polyphyletic, whilst species groups within the subgenus Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) are monophyletic. Our divergence time analyses and ancestral range estimation indicate an eastern South American origin for Phanaeini in the early Eocene, with subsequent colonization of Central America and the Nearctic during the Oligocene, long before a Panamanian land bridge. A shift to necrophagy in Coprophanaeus is possibly linked to increasing Neotropical small vertebrate diversity since the Eocene and, astonishingly, myrmecophily evolved from necrophagy 35 Mya. These drastic shifts in lifestyle are not concordant with variations in diversification rates and appear unlinked to Quaternary extinction of large mammals.

中文翻译：

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新世界圣甲虫甲虫部落Phanaeini（鞘翅目：圣甲虫科：圣甲虫科）的宏观进化和喂养生物学的转变

新世界的金龟子甲虫部落Phanaeini包含食虫，食肉，食肉和可疑嗜温菌种。我们分析最大的部族分子数据集组装，整合，首次，神秘的一元属Megatharsis，该thalassinus组的亚属的Coprophanaeus（Metallophanaeus），以及亚属Dendropaemon（Eurypodea）（原Tetramereia），拉开了宏观进化和生物地理学新生代非生物变化的历史，并推断随着时间的推移生物学的变化。我们恢复了有争议的属Gromphas在单本的法奈尼之外。我们推断Megatharsis在一个进化枝含有表观myrmecophilous属Dendropaemon，所述内Coprophanaeus进化枝，并证明亚属Coprophanaeus（Metallophanaeus）是多系，而亚属内的物种组Coprophanaeus（Coprophanaeus）是单系。我们的发散时间分析和祖传范围估计表明，始新世早期Phanaeini起源于南美东部，随后在渐新世期间中美洲和Nearctic发生了殖民化，这远比巴拿马陆桥早了。Coprophanaeus的亡灵吞噬自始新世以来，可能与新热带小脊椎动物多样性的增加有关，而且令人惊讶的是，嗜死菌是由死噬35 Mya进化而来的。这些生活方式的急剧变化与多样化率的变化不一致，并且与大型哺乳动物的第四纪灭绝无关。