Artificial light at night can disrupt sleep in humans [1, 2, 3, 4] and other animals [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. A key mechanism for light to affect sleep is via non-visual photoreceptors that are most sensitive to short-wavelength (blue) light [11]. To minimize effects of artificial light on sleep, many electronic devices shift from white (blue-rich) to amber (blue-reduced) light in the evening. Switching outdoor lighting from white to amber might also benefit wildlife [12]. However, whether these two colors of light affect sleep similarly in different animals remains poorly understood. Here we show, by measuring brain activity, that both white and amber lighting disrupt sleep in birds but that the magnitude of these effects differs between species. When experimentally exposed to light at night at intensities typical of urban areas, domestic pigeons (Columba livia) and wild-caught Australian magpies (Cracticus tibicen tyrannica) slept less, favored non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep over REM sleep, slept less intensely, and had more fragmented sleep compared to when lights were switched off. In pigeons, these disruptive effects on sleep were similar for white and amber lighting. For magpies, however, amber light had less impact on sleep. Our results demonstrate that amber lighting can minimize sleep disruption in some birds but that this benefit may not be universal.

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中文翻译：

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夜间的白色和琥珀色光会扰乱鸟类的睡眠生理机能。

夜间人造光会扰乱人类 [1, 2, 3, 4] 和其他动物 [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] 的睡眠。光影响睡眠的一个关键机制是通过对短波长（蓝色）光最敏感的非视觉光感受器 [11]。为了尽量减少人造光对睡眠的影响，许多电子设备在晚上从白色（富含蓝色）转换为琥珀色（蓝色减少）光。将室外照明从白色切换到琥珀色也可能有益于野生动物 [12]。然而，这两种颜色的光是否对不同动物的睡眠产生类似的影响仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们通过测量大脑活动表明，白色和琥珀色照明都会扰乱鸟类的睡眠，但这些影响的程度因物种而异。当在夜间以城市地区典型的强度实验性地暴露在光线下时，家鸽（Columba livia ) 和野生澳大利亚喜鹊 ( Craticus tibicen tyrannica ) 的睡眠时间较短，与 REM 睡眠相比，它们更喜欢非快速眼动 (NREM) 睡眠，睡眠强度较低，并且与关灯时相比，睡眠更加分散。在鸽子中，白色和琥珀色照明对睡眠的这些破坏性影响是相似的。然而，对于喜鹊来说，琥珀色光对睡眠的影响较小。我们的结果表明，琥珀色照明可以最大限度地减少某些鸟类的睡眠中断，但这种好处可能并不普遍。

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