Misdiagnosis, over-diagnosis, or inappropriate treatment strategies are frequently seen in thyroid disease management. Currently, there is an urgent interest to identify biomarkers for specific disease states in the thyroid gland. Proteomics-based approaches have been widely used for the discovery of potential biomarkers in thyroid research. Specifically, proteomic techniques have been used to better understand thyroid tumors of different origin and classification. Besides, there is remarkable thyroid proteomics research in thyroid-related diseases, including thyroid orbitopathy. In this review, we aim to describe proteomic studies and how the results obtained from thyroid cancer, up to now, as well as those from, other thyroid-related diseases pose challenges, which might be solved via high-resolution protein analysis.

甲状腺疾病管理中经常出现误诊，过度诊断或不适当的治疗策略。当前，迫切需要鉴定甲状腺中特定疾病状态的生物标志物。基于蛋白质组学的方法已广泛用于发现甲状腺研究中潜在的生物标记物。具体来说，蛋白质组学技术已被用来更好地了解不同来源和分类的甲状腺肿瘤。此外，在甲状腺相关疾病（包括甲状腺眶病）方面，甲状腺蛋白质组学研究非常出色。在这篇综述中，我们旨在描述蛋白质组学研究，以及迄今为止从甲状腺癌以及其他甲状腺相关疾病得到的结果如何构成挑战，这些挑战可以通过高分辨率蛋白质分析解决。