Abstract Tramway noise can be significant even though the speeds are relatively low. The influence of track design on the rolling noise is studied through a systematic comparison of different tracks on a single network. These include a slab track with embedded sleeper blocks, a ballasted track and a track with embedded rails. Measurements have been taken of rail vibration and noise during tram passages at approximately 55 km/h; the rail and wheel roughness have also been measured. Comparisons are made in terms of track decay rate, rail vibration and pass-by noise. After normalising to the same roughness, the slab track is found to be the noisiest and the ballasted track the quietest. Theoretical models of the various track forms are also presented to give insight into the differences in acoustic performance. The models allow the relative contributions of the track and wheels to the pass-by noise to be identified. In addition the effect of rail dampers added to the slab track is assessed. These attenuate the noise at higher frequencies due to the increase in decay rate, but an increase in radiation is noted at 500 Hz and below, possibly linked to differences in effective roughness.

中文翻译：

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轨道设计对有轨电车滚动噪声的影响

摘要 即使速度相对较低，有轨电车噪声也可能很大。通过对单一网络上不同轨道的系统比较，研究轨道设计对滚动噪声的影响。其中包括带有嵌入轨枕的平板轨道、有碴轨道和带有嵌入轨道的轨道。在大约 55 公里/小时的有轨电车通道期间，对轨道振动和噪声进行了测量；还测量了轨道和车轮的粗糙度。在轨道衰减率、轨道振动和通过噪声方面进行了比较。归一化到相同的粗糙度后，发现板条轨道噪音最大，有碴轨道最安静。还介绍了各种轨道形式的理论模型，以深入了解声学性能的差异。该模型允许识别轨道和车轮对通过噪声的相对贡献。此外，还评估了添加到板式轨道的轨道阻尼器的效果。由于衰减率的增加，这些在较高频率下会衰减噪声，但在 500 Hz 及以下注意到辐射增加，这可能与有效粗糙度的差异有关。