Initially isolated from the alimentary canal of a Japanese corbicula clam, Oscillibacter valericigenes is a Gram-negative rod, of which culture remains very difficult. Herein we present the first case of bacteremia due to Oscillibacter valericigenes, in humans.

A 55-year-old man was hospitalized for clinical management of multiple neglected leg wounds (colonized with maggots) that had occurred during a motorcycle accident. Following radiological confirmation of the bone infection, a transfemoral amputation was performed to limit the risk of extended infection.

During hospitalization, before the amputation, the patient experienced fever, biological inflammation justifying the sampling of multiple blood cultures. Anaerobic blood culture was positive after 34 hours, without identification by routine procedure (MALDI-TOF), justifying identification by 16S DNA sequencing. In the absence of possible subculture, antibiotic sensitivity testing could not be performed. A pre-emptive treatment by piperacillin-tazobactam was introduced for 14 days. The evolution was good, except for a local disunion.

Complete phylogenic analysis of the clinical strain showed that it significantly differed from the reference strain, which is distantly related to the Clostridia cluster IV. Due to the culture conditions and specialized identification method by sequencing, prevalence of O. valericigenes may be underestimated. Optimization of blood culture procedures and utilization of 16S rRNA gene sequencing are tools needed for identification of rare pathogens that could help to optimize clinical management of infected patients.

最初从日本小bic蛤the的消化道中分离出来，戊酸杆菌是革兰氏阴性棒，其培养仍然非常困难。在此，我们介绍了人类中由戊酸杆菌引起的菌血症的第一例。

一名55岁的男子因摩托车事故期间发生的多处被忽视的腿部伤口（用虫定殖）的临床治疗而住院。放射学确认骨感染后，进行经股截肢术以限制扩大感染的风险。

在住院期间，在截肢之前，患者经历了发烧和生物炎症，证明需要进行多种血液培养。34小时后，无氧血培养呈阳性，未经常规程序（MALDI-TOF）鉴定，证明通过16S DNA测序鉴定。在没有可能的继代培养的情况下，无法进行抗生素敏感性测试。引入哌拉西林-他唑巴坦预防性治疗14天。进化很好，除了局部的分裂。

对临床菌株的完整系统发育分析表明，它与参考菌株显着不同，该参考菌株与梭菌簇IV远缘相关。由于培养条件和专门的测序鉴定方法，可能低估了戊酸杆菌的患病率。血液培养程序的优化和16S rRNA基因测序的利用是鉴定稀有病原体的工具，可帮助优化感染患者的临床管理。