Alkylated waste vegetable oil is a versatile intermediate product in the synthesis of bio-based materials. Heterogeneous catalytic condition with high conversion rate in the direct alkylation of waste vegetable oil was reported and the deactivation mechanism of catalyst was revealed. The total exchange capacity, elemental composition and pyrolysis product of catalyst before and after the alkylation reaction were analysed by back titration, elemental analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, gas chromatography mass spectrometry and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, respectively. The results indicated that the metallic and non-metallic (C, H) elements contents of the catalyst have very much increased with great changes in pyrolysis product and a slight decrease in the total exchange capacity. The formation of insoluble polymers through Diels–Alder cycloaddition between triglycerides was proved to be the major factor causing the dysfunction of the catalytic centre. The metal ions from corrosion of the reactor were the minor factor causing about 2.56% loss of the catalytic centre. Moreover, the catalyst was able to maintain high catalytic efficiency when replacing the raw materials with other waste vegetable oil having low concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is significant for producing not only the aryl fatty acids derivatives but also the bio-based surfactants.

烷基化废植物油是生物基材料合成中的多功能中间产物。报道了在废植物油直接烷基化中具有高转化率的非均相催化条件，揭示了催化剂的失活机理。分别通过反滴定，元素分析，电喷雾电离质谱，气相色谱质谱和热解-气相色谱/质谱法分别分析了烷基化反应前后催化剂的总交换容量，元素组成和热解产物。结果表明，随着热解产物的巨大变化，催化剂的金属和非金属（C，H）元素含量大大增加，总交换容量略有下降。事实证明，甘油三酸酯之间通过Diels-Alder环加成反应形成不溶性聚合物是导致催化中心功能异常的主要因素。反应器腐蚀产生的金属离子是次要因素，导致催化中心损失约2.56％。此外，当用具有低浓度的多不饱和脂肪酸的其他废植物油代替原料时，该催化剂能够保持高催化效率，这不仅对于制备芳基脂肪酸衍生物而且对于生物基表面活性剂都是重要的。