Space charge forces are a significant contribution to the beam dynamics in high intensity hadron linacs, often causing beam halo that results in beam loss. Currently, there is limited success in modeling beam distributions in high intensity hadron linacs at the RMS level, and no demonstrated capability for measuring or modeling distributions at the level of beam halo. This article discusses the current state of the art capability in this area, and explores next steps in both simulation and beam instrumentation that will enable measurement and modeling of beam halo in high intensity hadron linacs.

中文翻译：

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了解存在空间电荷的强子直线加速器中的光束分布

在高强度强子直线加速器中，空间电荷力是光束动力学的重要贡献，通常会导致光束晕，从而导致光束损失。当前，在RMS级别的高强度强子直线加速器中的束分布建模方面取得的成功有限，并且在束晕水平上没有测量或建模分布的能力。本文讨论了该领域的最新技术水平，并探讨了模拟和束仪器的下一步，这将使高强度强子直线加速器中束晕的测量和建模成为可能。