A longitudinal prospective study was conducted from October 2017 to April 2018 on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia with the objectives of determining the incidence of calf diarrhea and calf coccidiosis from diarrheic calves, assessing the major risk factors associated with calf diarrhea and coccidiosis and identifying the existing Eimeria species. A total of 237 calves, 86 calves from 52 smallholder dairy farms and 151 calves from 8 large dairy farms, were used for this study. Fresh fecal samples were collected from 86 diarrheic calves for identification of Eimeria species. Overall incidences of calf diarrhea and coccidiosis found in this study were 33.5 and 20.1%, respectively. In total, 19 potential risk factors were investigated for their association with calf diarrhea and coccidiosis from diarrheic calves using Cox regression. Age of calf (HR = 2.057, P = .002), body condition (HR = 1.802, P < .001), house condition (HR = 2.072, P = .004) and age at first colostrum feeding time (HR = 2.107, P = .002) were found significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the risk of diarrhea by multivariate Cox regression. Among the risk factors tested, age (HR = 13.36, P < .001) and sex of calves (HR = 3.500, P = .020) were found significantly (P < 0.05) associated with coccidiosis by multivariate Cox regression. A total of nine Eimeria species were identified. E. bovis (28.6%), E. zuernii (19.0%) and E. auburnensis (14.3%) were the most common Eimeria species encountered. The incidence of calf diarrhea and coccidiosis was high in the dairy herds in North West Ethiopia. Therefore, sound dairy calf management practices are needed to mitigate risk factors for calf diarrhea and coccidiosis with a view to reducing the incidence of calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in Ethiopian dairy farms.

中文翻译：

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埃塞俄比亚西北部巴赫达尔奶牛场犊牛腹泻和球虫病的流行病学研究。

2017 年 10 月至 2018 年 4 月对埃塞俄比亚西北部巴赫达尔奶牛场的小牛腹泻和球虫病进行了纵向前瞻性研究，目的是确定腹泻小牛的小牛腹泻和小牛球虫病的发生率，评估相关的主要风险因素与小牛腹泻和球虫病并确定现有的艾美球虫属。共有 237 头小牛，来自 52 个小型奶牛场的 86 头小牛和来自 8 个大型奶牛场的 151 头小牛用于本研究。从 86 头腹泻小牛身上采集新鲜粪便样本，用于鉴定艾美球虫属。本研究中发现的小牛腹泻和球虫病的总发病率分别为 33.5% 和 20.1%。总共，使用 Cox 回归研究了 19 个潜在危险因素与小牛腹泻和腹泻小牛球虫病的关系。犊牛年龄 (HR = 2.057, P = .002), 身体状况 (HR = 1.802, P < .001), 饲养条件 (HR = 2.072, P = .004) 和第一次初乳喂养时间的年龄 (HR = 2.107 , P = .002) 通过多变量 Cox 回归发现与腹泻风险显着相关 (P < 0.05)。在测试的风险因素中，多变量 Cox 回归发现年龄 (HR = 13.36, P < .001) 和犊牛性别 (HR = 3.500, P = .020) 与球虫病显着相关 (P < 0.05)。共鉴定出九种艾美球虫。E. bovis (28.6%)、E. zuernii (19.0%) 和 E. auburnensis (14.3%) 是最常见的艾美球虫物种。在埃塞俄比亚西北部的奶牛群中，犊牛腹泻和球虫病的发病率很高。因此，需要健全的奶牛管理实践来减轻小牛腹泻和球虫病的风险因素，以降低埃塞俄比亚奶牛场小牛腹泻和球虫病的发病率。