Joint profiling of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility within single cells allows for the deconstruction of the complex relationship between transcriptional states and upstream regulatory programs determining different cell fates. Here, we developed an automated method with high sensitivity, assay for single-cell transcriptome and accessibility regions (ASTAR-seq), for simultaneous measurement of whole-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility within the same single cell. To show the utility of ASTAR-seq, we profiled 384 mESCs under naive and primed pluripotent states as well as a two-cell like state, 424 human cells of various lineage origins (BJ, K562, JK1, and Jurkat), and 480 primary cord blood cells undergoing erythroblast differentiation. With the joint profiles, we configured the transcriptional and chromatin accessibility landscapes of discrete cell states, uncovered linked sets of cis-regulatory elements and target genes unique to each state, and constructed interactome and transcription factor (TF)–centered upstream regulatory networks for various cell states.

中文翻译：

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转录组和染色质可及性的平行双峰单细胞测序。

单细胞内转录组和染色质可及性的联合分析允许解构转录状态和决定不同细胞命运的上游调节程序之间的复杂关系。在这里，我们开发了一种高灵敏度的自动化方法，检测单细胞转录组和可及性区域 (ASTAR-seq)，用于同时测量同一单细胞内的全细胞转录组和染色质可及性。为了展示 ASTAR-seq 的效用，我们分析了 384 个处于初始和引发多能状态以及类似双细胞状态的 mESC、424 个不同谱系起源（BJ、K562、JK1 和 Jurkat）的人类细胞和 480 个初级脐带血细胞进行成红细胞分化。使用联合配置文件，顺式调节元件和每个状态特有的靶基因，并构建了以相互作用组和转录因子（TF）为中心的各种细胞状态的上游调节网络。