The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is being rapidly adopted for the creation of smart environments in various domains. The IoT-enabled cyber-physical systems associated with smart city, healthcare, Industry 4.0 and Agtech handle a huge volume of data and require data processing services from different types of applications in real time. The Cloud-centric execution of IoT applications barely meets such requirements as the Cloud datacentres reside at a multi-hop distance from the IoT devices. Fog computing , an extension of Cloud at the edge network, can execute these applications closer to data sources. Thus, Fog computing can improve application service delivery time and resist network congestion. However, the Fog nodes are highly distributed and heterogeneous, and most of them are constrained in resources and spatial sharing. Therefore, efficient management of applications is necessary to fully exploit the capabilities of Fog nodes. In this work, we investigate the existing application management strategies in Fog computing and review them in terms of architecture, placement and maintenance. Additionally, we propose a comprehensive taxonomy and highlight the research gaps in Fog-based application management. We also discuss a perspective model and provide future research directions for further improvement of application management in Fog computing.

中文翻译：

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雾计算环境中的应用程序管理

物联网 (IoT) 范式正在迅速被用于在各个领域创建智能环境。与智慧城市、医疗保健、工业 4.0 和农业技术相关的支持物联网的网络物理系统处理大量数据，并需要来自不同类型应用程序的实时数据处理服务。以云为中心的 IoT 应用程序执行几乎不能满足云数据中心与 IoT 设备相距多跳距离的要求。雾计算是云在边缘网络的扩展，可以在更靠近数据源的地方执行这些应用程序。因此，雾计算可以提高应用服务交付时间并抵抗网络拥塞。然而，Fog节点高度分布和异构，且大多受限于资源和空间共享。因此，有效地管理应用程序对于充分利用 Fog 节点的能力是必要的。在这项工作中，我们调查了雾计算中现有的应用程序管理策略，并从架构、布局和维护方面对其进行了审查。此外，我们提出了一个全面的分类法，并强调了基于雾的应用程序管理中的研究空白。