Measurement of Novel, Drinking Water-Associated PFAS in Blood from Adults and Children in Wilmington, North Carolina.,Environmental Health Perspectives

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Measurement of Novel, Drinking Water-Associated PFAS in Blood from Adults and Children in Wilmington, North Carolina.
Environmental Health Perspectives ( IF 10.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-7-22 , DOI: 10.1289/ehp6837
Nadine Kotlarz _{1,

2,

3} , James McCord ₄ , David Collier _{3,

5} , C Suzanne Lea _{3,

6} , Mark Strynar ₄ , Andrew B Lindstrom ₄ , Adrien A Wilkie _{2,

7} , Jessica Y Islam _{2,

7} , Katelyn Matney ₈ , Phillip Tarte ₈ , M E Polera ₉ , Kemp Burdette ₉ , Jamie DeWitt _{3,

10} , Katlyn May ₃ , Robert C Smart _{2,

3} , Detlef R U Knappe _{1,

3} , Jane A Hoppin _{2,

3}

Affiliation

Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, NCSU, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Center for Human Health and the Environment, NCSU, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Public Health, ECU, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
New Hanover County Health Department, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA.
Cape Fear River Watch, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ECU, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.

Abstract

Background:

From 1980 to 2017, a fluorochemical manufacturing facility discharged wastewater containing poorly understood per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the Cape Fear River, the primary drinking water source for Wilmington, North Carolina, residents. Those PFAS included several fluoroethers including HFPO-DA also known as GenX. Little is known about the bioaccumulation potential of these fluoroethers.

Objective:

We determined levels of fluoroethers and legacy PFAS in serum samples from Wilmington residents.

Methods:

In November 2017 and May 2018, we enrolled 344 Wilmington residents $greater than or equal to 6 years$ of age into the GenX Exposure Study and collected blood samples. Repeated blood samples were collected from 44 participants 6 months after enrollment. We analyzed serum for 10 fluoroethers and 10 legacy PFAS using liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Results:

Participants’ ages ranged from 6 to 86 y, and they lived in the lower Cape Fear Region for 20 y on average (standard deviation: 16 y). Six fluoroethers were detected in serum; Nafion by-product 2, PFO4DA, and PFO5DoA were detected in $greater than 85 percent$ of participants. PFO3OA and NVHOS were infrequently detected. Hydro-EVE was present in a subset of samples, but we could not quantify it. GenX was not detected above our analytical method reporting limit ( $2 nanograms per milliliter$ ). In participants with repeated samples, the median decrease in fluoroether levels ranged from 28% for PFO5DoA to 65% for PFO4DA in 6 months due to wastewater discharge control. Four legacy PFAS (PFHxS, PFOA, PFOS, PFNA) were detected in most ( $greater than or equal to 97 percent$ ) participants; these levels were higher than U.S. national levels for the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The sum concentration of fluoroethers contributed 24% to participants’ total serum PFAS (median: $25.3 nanograms per milliliter$ ).

Conclusion:

Poorly understood fluoroethers released into the Cape Fear River by a fluorochemical manufacturing facility were detected in blood samples from Wilmington, North Carolina, residents. Health implications of exposure to these novel PFAS have not been well characterized. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6837

中文翻译：

测量北卡罗来纳州威尔明顿成人和儿童血液中与饮用水相关的新型 PFAS。

抽象的

背景：

从 1980 年到 2017 年，一家氟化物制造厂向北卡罗来纳州威尔明顿居民的主要饮用水源开普菲尔河排放含有知之甚少的全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的废水。这些 PFAS 包括多种氟代醚，其中包括 HFPO-DA（也称为 GenX）。人们对这些氟代醚的生物蓄积潜力知之甚少。

客观的：

我们测定了威尔明顿居民血清样本中氟醚和遗留 PFAS 的含量。

方法：

2017 年 11 月和 2018 年 5 月，我们招募了 344 名威尔明顿居民 $greater than or equal to 6 years$ 年龄进入 GenX 暴露研究并收集血液样本。入组 6 个月后，我们从 44 名参与者身上重复采集了血液样本。我们使用液相色谱-高分辨率质谱分析了血清中的 10 种氟醚和 10 种传统 PFAS。

结果：

参与者的年龄从 6 岁到 86 岁不等，他们在下开普菲尔地区平均居住了 20 年（标准差：16 岁）。血清中检出六种氟醚； Nafion 副产物 2、PFO4DA 和 PFO5DoA 在 $greater than 85 percent$ 的参与者。 PFO3OA 和 NVHOS 很少被检测到。 Hydro-EVE 存在于一部分样本中，但我们无法对其进行量化。 GenX 未检测到高于我们的分析方法报告限值（ $2 nanograms per milliliter$ ）。在重复采样的参与者中，由于废水排放控制，氟醚水平在 6 个月内下降了 6 个月，从 PFO5DoA 的 28% 到 PFO4DA 的 65%。在大多数（ $greater than or equal to 97 percent$ ）参与者；这些水平高于 2015-2016 年国家健康和营养检查调查的美国国家水平。氟醚的总浓度占参与者血清 PFAS 总量的 24%（中位数： $25.3 nanograms per milliliter$ ）。