Background: ADHD limits the ability to comply with Covid-19 prevention recommendations. We hypothesized that ADHD constitutes a risk factor for Covid-19 infection and that pharmacotherapy may lower that risk. Methods: Study population included all subjects (N = 14,022) registered with Leumit Health Services between February 1st and April 30, 2020, who underwent at least one Covid-19 test. Data were collected from the electronic health records. Purchasing consecutively at least three ADHD-medication-prescriptions during past year was considered drug-treatment. Results: A total of 1,416 (10.1%) subjects (aged 2 months–103 years) were Covid-19-positive.They were significantly younger, and had higher rates of ADHD (adjOR 1.58 (95% CI 1.27–1.96, p < .001) than Covid-19-negative subjects. The risk for Covid-19-Positive was higher in untreated-ADHD subjects compared to non-ADHD subjects [crudeOR 1.61 (95% CI 1.36–1.89, p < .001)], while no higher risk was detected in treated ones [crudeOR 1.07 (95% CI 0.78–1.48, p = .65)]. Conclusion: Untreated ADHD seems to constitute a risk factor for Covid-19 infection while drug-treatment ameliorates this effect.

背景： ADHD 限制了遵守 Covid-19 预防建议的能力。我们假设 ADHD 构成 Covid-19 感染的危险因素，药物疗法可能会降低这种风险。方法：研究人群包括在 2020 年 2 月 1 日至 4 月 30 日期间在 Leumit Health Services 注册的所有受试者（N  = 14,022），他们至少接受了一次 Covid-19 测试。从电子健康记录中收集数据。在过去一年中连续购买至少三个 ADHD 药物处方被认为是药物治疗。结果：共有 1,416 名 (10.1%) 受试者（年龄 2 个月至 103 岁）为 Covid-19 阳性。他们明显更年轻，并且 ADHD 发生率更高（adjOR 1.58 (95% CI 1.27-1.96,p  < .001) 比 Covid-19 阴性受试者。与未治疗的 ADHD 受试者相比，未经治疗的 ADHD 受试者的 Covid-19 阳性风险更高 [crudeOR 1.61 (95% CI 1.36–1.89, p  < .001)]，而在接受治疗的受试者中未检测到更高的风险 [crudeOR 1.07 (95% CI 0.78–1.48, p  = .65)]。结论：未经治疗的 ADHD 似乎构成 Covid-19 感染的危险因素，而药物治疗可改善这种影响。