Since its inception, the Arctic Council (AC) has focused on biodiversity, under its working group on the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna. By adopting a holistic, cross-sectoral approach to biodiversity governance, the AC has acknowledged that biodiversity is not only a matter for the Council and its governments: also non-state actors must be involved. This article analyses whether and how three essential non-state actors – science, business and NGOs – influence AC processes on Arctic biodiversity, comparing the roles of these actors on biodiversity governance in the wider international context. AC work on biodiversity has remained largely scientific, with fewer political commitments for states and the Council as such: science has had a significant influence, whereas there has been limited space for the involvement of the business sector. NGOs have served mainly as contributors and partners in scientific work, increasingly also assuming policy advocacy roles. This article notes the need for closer political cooperation on biodiversity in the AC, with firmer commitments for states and the AC, inspired by work in other AC focal areas.

中文翻译：

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北极理事会下的生物多样性治理：科学、商业和非政府组织的作用

自成立以来，北极理事会 (AC) 在其北极动植物保护工作组下一直专注于生物多样性。通过对生物多样性治理采取全面、跨部门的方法，审计委员会承认生物多样性不仅是理事会及其政府的事情：非国家行为者也必须参与其中。本文分析了三个重要的非国家行为者——科学、商业和非政府组织——是否以及如何影响北极生物多样性的 AC 进程，比较了这些行为者在更广泛的国际背景下对生物多样性治理的作用。AC 在生物多样性方面的工作在很大程度上仍然是科学的，对州和理事会的政治承诺较少：科学产生了重大影响，而商业部门的参与空间有限。非政府组织主要作为科学工作的贡献者和合作伙伴，也越来越多地承担政策宣传的角色。本文指出需要更紧密政治的受其他 AC 重点领域工作的启发，在 AC 生物多样性方面开展合作，对各州和 AC 做出更坚定的承诺。