This paper explores the viability of new touchscreen-based haptic/vibrotactile interactions as a primary modality for perceiving visual graphical elements in eyes-free situations. For touchscreen-based haptic information extraction to be both accurate and meaningful, the onscreen graphical elements should be schematized and downsampled to: (1) maximize the perceptual specificity of touch-based sensing and (2) account for the technical characteristics of touchscreen interfaces. To this end, six human behavioral studies were conducted with 64 blind and 105 blindfolded-sighted participants. Experiments 1–3 evaluated three key rendering parameters that are necessary for supporting touchscreen-based vibrotactile perception of graphical information, with results providing empirical guidance on both minimally detectable and functionally discriminable line widths, inter-line spacing, and angular separation that should be maintained. Experiments 4–6 evaluated perceptually-motivated design guidelines governing visual-to-vibrotactile schematization required for tasks involving information extraction, learning, and cognition of multi-line paths (e.g., transit-maps and corridor-intersections), with results providing clear guidance as to the stimulus parameters maximizing accuracy and temporal performance. The six empirically-validated guidelines presented here, based on results from 169 participants, provide designers and content providers with much-needed guidance on effectively incorporating perceptually-salient touchscreen-based haptic feedback as a primary interaction style for interfaces supporting nonvisual and eyes-free information access.

本文探讨了新的基于触摸屏的触觉/触觉交互作用的可行性，这种交互作用是在无眼情况下感知视觉图形元素的主要方式。为了使基于触摸屏的触觉信息提取既准确又有意义，应对屏幕上的图形元素进行模式化和降采样以：（1）最大化基于触摸的感知的感知特异性，以及（2）考虑触摸屏界面的技术特征。为此，对64位盲人和105位盲目参与者进行了六项人类行为研究。实验1-3评估了三个关键渲染参数，这些参数对于支持基于触摸屏的图形信息的触觉感知是必要的，结果为应保持的最小可检测线宽度和功能可分辨线宽度，行间间距和角度间隔提供了经验指导。实验4–6评估了知觉动机的设计准则，这些准则指导视觉到振动触觉模式化，这些任务涉及涉及信息提取，学习和多线路径（例如，过境图和走廊交叉口）识别的任务，关于刺激参数最大化准确性和时间性能。根据169位参与者的结果，此处介绍了六项经过经验验证的指南，