We live in a world continuously immersed in noise, an environmental, recreational, and occupational factor present in almost every daily human activity. Exposure to high-level noise could affect the auditory function of individuals at any age, resulting in a condition called noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Given that by 2018, more than 400 million people worldwide were suffering from disabling hearing loss and that about one-third involved noise over-exposure, which represents more than 100 million people, this hearing impairment represents a serious health problem. As of today, there are no therapeutic measures available to treat NIHL. Conventional preventive measures, including public awareness and education and physical barriers to noise, do not seem to suffice, as the population is still being affected by damaging noise levels. Therefore, it is necessary to develop or test pharmacological agents that may prevent and/or diminish the impact of noise on hearing. Data availability about the pathophysiological processes involved in triggering NIHL has allowed researchers to use compounds, that could act as effective therapies, by targeting specific mechanisms such as the excess generation of free radicals and blood flow restriction to the cochlea. In this review, we summarize the advantages/disadvantages of these therapeutic agents, providing a critical view of whether they could be effective in the human clinic.

我们生活在一个不断沉浸在噪声中的世界，噪声是几乎每天人类活动中都存在的环境，娱乐和职业因素。暴露于高水平的噪音可能会影响任何年龄段的人的听觉功能，导致一种称为噪音诱发的听力损失（NIHL）的状况。鉴于到2018年，全世界超过4亿人正遭受致残的听力损失之苦，并且约有三分之一的人因噪声过度暴露而受害，代表了超过1亿人，这种听力障碍代表了严重的健康问题。截至今天，尚无可用于治疗NIHL的治疗措施。常规的预防措施，包括公众意识和教育以及对噪声的物理障碍，似乎不够用，因为人口仍然受到有害噪声水平的影响。因此，有必要开发或测试可预防和/或减少噪音对听力的影响的药理剂。有关触发NIHL的病理生理过程的数据可用性，已使研究人员能够通过针对特定的机制（例如自由基的过量生成和耳蜗的血流限制）靶向使用可作为有效疗法的化合物。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这些治疗剂的优缺点，提供了关于它们在人类临床中是否有效的批判性观点。通过靶向特定机制（例如自由基的过量生成和耳蜗的血流限制），可以起到有效的治疗作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这些治疗剂的优缺点，提供了关于它们在人类临床中是否有效的批判性观点。通过靶向特定机制（例如自由基的过量生成和耳蜗的血流限制），可以起到有效的治疗作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这些治疗剂的优缺点，提供了关于它们在人类临床中是否有效的批判性观点。