Sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) is mainly cultured in the coastal zone, where it is easily threatened by accidental oil spills. Chemical dispersant is one of the efficient oil spill responses for mitigating the overall environmental damage of oil spills. However, the impact of crude oil and chemical dispersants on sea cucumber is less well known. Hence, the present study focused on exploring the antioxidant response and oxidative stress in the respiratory tree of sea cucumber following exposure to GM-2 chemical dispersant (DISP), water-accommodated fractions (WAF), and chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF) of Oman crude oil for 24 h. Results manifested that WAF exposure caused a significant increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (5.29 ± 0.30 AU·mgprot⁻¹), and the effect was much more obvious in CEWAF treatment (5.73 ± 0.16 AU·mgprot⁻¹). Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), as an important biomarker of the antioxidant defense capacity, showed an increasing trend following WAF exposure (0.95 ± 0.12 U·mgprot⁻¹) while a significant reduction in T-AOC was observed following CEWAF exposure (0.23 ± 0.13 U·mgprot⁻¹). Moreover, we also evaluated the oxidative damage of the macromolecules (DNA, protein, and lipid), and our results revealed that the presence of chemical dispersant enhanced oxidative damage caused by crude oil to sea cucumber.

中文翻译：

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暴露于原油和化学分散剂之后的海参呼吸树中的抗氧化反应和氧化应激

海参（Apostichopus japonicus）主要在沿海地区养殖，容易受到意外漏油的威胁。化学分散剂是缓解溢油对环境整体损害的有效溢油响应之一。但是，原油和化学分散剂对海参的影响鲜为人知。因此，本研究的重点是探索暴露于阿曼的GM-2化学分散剂（DISP），水吸收级分（WAF）和化学增强的WAF（CEWAF）后海参呼吸树中的抗氧化反应和氧化应激原油24小时。结果表明，WAF暴露导致活性氧（ROS）水平显着增加（5.29±0.30 AU·mgprot ^-1），并且在CEWAF治疗中效果更为明显（5.73±0.16 AU·mgprot ^-1）。作为抗氧化剂防御能力的重要生物标志物的总抗氧化剂能力（T-AOC）在WAF暴露后呈现增加趋势（0.95±0.12 U·mgprot ^-1），而在CEWAF暴露后观察到T-AOC显着降低（T-AOC）（ 0.23±0.13U·mgprot ^-1）。此外，我们还评估了大分子（DNA，蛋白质和脂质）的氧化损伤，我们的结果表明，化学分散剂的存在增强了原油对海参造成的氧化损伤。