Computational requirements often impose limitations on the spatial and temporal resolutions of atmospheric CO₂ inversions, increasing aggregation and representation errors. This study enables higher spatial and temporal resolution inversions with spatial and temporal error structures similar to those used in other published inversions by representing the prior flux error covariances as a Kronecker product of spatial and temporal covariances and by using spectral methods for the spatial correlations. Compared to existing inversion systems that are forced to degrade the resolution of the problem in order to bring the dimensionality down to computationally tractable levels, this inversion framework is able to take advantage of mesoscale transport simulations and more of the complexity of spatial and temporal covariances in the surface CO₂ fluxes. This approach was successfully implemented over one month with an identical‐twin observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) using a set of assumptions about the prior flux uncertainties compatible both with continental‐scale uncertainty estimates and with comparisons of vegetation models to flux towers. The demonstration illustrates the potential of the newly developed inversion system to use high‐temporal‐resolution information from the North American tower network, to extract high‐resolution information about CO₂ fluxes that is inaccessible to coarser resolution inversion systems, and to simultaneously optimize an ensemble of prior estimates. This demonstration sets the stage for regional flux inversions that can take full advantage of the high‐resolution data available in tower CO₂ records and mesoscale atmospheric transport reanalyses, include more realistic prior error structures, and explore specifying prior fluxes with ensembles.

中文翻译：

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中尺度反演系统的开发，用于估算大陆尺度的二氧化碳通量

计算要求通常会限制大气中CO _2的时空分辨率倒置，增加聚合和表示错误。这项研究通过将先前的通量误差协方差表示为空间和时间协方差的Kronecker乘积，并通过使用光谱方法进行空间相关性，从而实现了更高的时空分辨率反演，其时空误差结构与其他已发表的反演中使用的结构类似。与为了降低维数到可计算的水平而被迫降低问题分辨率的现有反演系统相比，该反演框架能够利用中尺度输运模拟以及更多时空协方差的复杂性。表面CO ₂通量。该方法在一个月的一次成功实验中，使用了一个相同的双观测系统模拟实验（OSSE），该实验使用了一组关于先前通量不确定性的假设，这些通量不确定性与大陆尺度的不确定性估计以及植被模型与通量塔的比较都兼容。该演示说明了新开发的反演系统使用来自北美塔网的高温分辨率信息，提取有关较粗分辨率反演系统无法访问的有关CO ₂通量的高分辨率信息以及同时优化二氧化碳排放的潜力。先前估计值的集合。该演示为区域通量反演奠定了基础，可以充分利用塔CO _2中提供的高分辨率数据 记录和中尺度的大气迁移再分析，包括更现实的先验误差结构，并探索通过集合确定先验通量。