Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease typically starting in childhood that culminates in the destruction of insulin‐producing beta cells in the pancreas. Although type 1 diabetes is considered to be a primarily T cell–mediated disease, B cells clearly participate in the autoimmune process, as autoantibodies recognizing pancreatic islet antigen commonly appear in circulation before the onset of the disease. T cells providing helper functions to B cells have recently been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of a wide range of antibody‐associated immune disorders. These T cells include CXCR5‐positive follicular T helper (Tfh) cells, and a recently described closely related CXCR5‐negative subset coined peripheral T helper (Tph) cells. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on different B cell helper T cell subsets, focusing on their potential involvement in the development of type 1 diabetes.

中文翻译：

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B细胞辅助性T细胞和1型糖尿病。

1型糖尿病是一种自身免疫疾病，通常始于儿童期，最终导致胰腺中产生胰岛素的β细胞被破坏。尽管1型糖尿病被认为是主要由T细胞介导的疾病，但B细胞显然参与自身免疫过程，因为识别胰腺胰岛抗原的自身抗体通常在疾病发作之前出现在循环系统中。最近已证明，向B细胞提供辅助功能的T细胞与多种抗体相关的免疫疾病的发病机制有关。这些T细胞包括CXCR5阳性的卵泡T辅助细胞（Tfh），以及最近描述的密切相关的CXCR5阴性的子集的外周T辅助（Tph）细胞。在这里，我们回顾了有关不同的B细胞辅助性T细胞亚群的当前知识状态，