Some dramatic consequences of climate change are caused by shifting species interactions and associated changes to trophic structure and energy flow. In coastal ecosystems, the relative abundance of feeding guilds indicates dominant energy sources sustaining food webs. Here, we use a space-for-time substitution to investigate potential climate change impacts on trophic structure and energy flow in reef fish communities. We investigated latitudinal and seasonal patterns in the biomass distribution of five trophic groups across subtropical to temperate latitudes (29 to 44°S) in eastern Australia. Along western boundary currents, temperatures are increasing up to three times faster than the global average, making them ideal for studying climate change impacts. Using 10 years of Reef Life Survey data, we investigated potential determinants of fish biomass and community composition with generalized additive mixed models. Biomass decreased towards higher latitudes, from 220 g/m in the subtropics to 13 g/m in the south. Dominant trophic group also changed latitudinally, with herbivores and omnivores dominating lower latitudes (~30°S), zooplanktivores at mid-latitudes (~35°S) and benthic invertivores at higher latitudes (~40°S). Biomass varied seasonally, with lower latitudes experiencing a 3.2-fold increase between spring and autumn, while variation at higher latitudes was 1.9-fold. We found strong evidence that factors linked to latitude and seasonality are important determinants in the distribution of fish trophic structure. As climate-driven species redistributions accelerate in the 21st century, expected poleward shifts in trophic structure include overall increases in fish biomass linked to enhanced herbivory at mid-latitudes and increased planktivory at higher latitudes.

中文翻译：

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温带珊瑚礁相关鱼类营养结构的纬度模式和气候变化的预测结果

气候变化的一些严重后果是由物种相互作用的转变以及营养结构和能量流的相关变化引起的。在沿海生态系统中，饲养行会的相对丰富表明维持食物网的主要能源。在这里，我们使用时空替代来研究气候变化对珊瑚礁鱼类群落中的营养结构和能量流的潜在影响。我们调查了澳大利亚东部亚热带至温带纬度（29 至 44°S）的五个营养组生物量分布的纬度和季节模式。沿着西部边界流，温度的上升速度是全球平均水平的三倍，使其成为研究气候变化影响的理想选择。使用 10 年的珊瑚礁生命调查数据，我们使用广义可加混合模型研究了鱼类生物量和群落组成的潜在决定因素。生物量向高纬度地区减少，从亚热带的 220 g/m 下降到南部的 13 g/m。优势营养组也在纬度上发生变化，食草动物和杂食动物在低纬度（~30°S）占主导地位，中纬度（~35°S）的浮游动物占主导地位，高纬度（~40°S）的底栖反食动物占主导地位。生物量季节性变化，春季和秋季低纬度地区增加了 3.2 倍，而高纬度地区的变化为 1.9 倍。我们发现强有力的证据表明，与纬度和季节性相关的因素是鱼类营养结构分布的重要决定因素。随着气候驱动的物种重新分布在 21 世纪加速，