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What Caging Force Cells Feel in 3D Hydrogels: A Rheological Perspective.
Advanced Healthcare Materials ( IF 10.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 , DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000517 Giuseppe Ciccone 1 , Oana Dobre 1, 2 , Graham M Gibson 3 , Jose Manuel Rey 1, 2 , Cristina Gonzalez-Garcia 1, 2 , Massimo Vassalli 1, 2 , Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez 1, 2 , Manlio Tassieri 1
Advanced Healthcare Materials ( IF 10.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 , DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000517 Giuseppe Ciccone 1 , Oana Dobre 1, 2 , Graham M Gibson 3 , Jose Manuel Rey 1, 2 , Cristina Gonzalez-Garcia 1, 2 , Massimo Vassalli 1, 2 , Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez 1, 2 , Manlio Tassieri 1
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It has been established that the mechanical properties of hydrogels control the fate of (stem) cells. However, despite its importance, a one‐to‐one correspondence between gels' stiffness and cell behavior is still missing from literature. In this work, the viscoelastic properties of poly(ethylene‐glycol) (PEG)‐based hydrogels are investigated by means of rheological measurements performed at different length scales. The outcomes of this work reveal that PEG‐based hydrogels show significant stiffening when subjected to a compressional deformation, implying that conventional bulk rheology measurements may overestimate the stiffness of hydrogels by up to an order of magnitude. It is hypothesized that this apparent stiffening is caused by an induced “tensional state” of the gel network, due to the application of a compressional normal force during sample loading. Moreover, it is shown that the actual stiffness of the hydrogels is instead accurately determined by means of both passive‐video‐particle‐tracking (PVPT) microrheology and nanoindentation measurements, which are inherently performed at the cell's length scale and in absence of any externally applied force in the case of PVPT. These results underpin a methodology for measuring hydrogels' linear viscoelastic properties that are representative of the mechanical constraints perceived by cells in 3D hydrogel cultures.
中文翻译：
笼养力细胞在 3D 水凝胶中的感受：流变学视角。
已经确定水凝胶的机械特性控制（干）细胞的命运。然而，尽管凝胶的硬度和细胞行为之间的一一对应关系很重要，但文献中仍然缺少这种对应关系。在这项工作中，通过在不同长度尺度上进行流变测量来研究聚乙二醇（PEG）基水凝胶的粘弹性特性。这项工作的结果表明，基于 PEG 的水凝胶在受到压缩变形时表现出显着的硬化，这意味着传统的整体流变学测量可能会高估水凝胶的刚度高达一个数量级。据推测，这种明显的硬化是由凝胶网络诱导的“张力状态”引起的，这是由于在样品加载过程中施加压缩法向力造成的。此外，研究表明，水凝胶的实际硬度是通过被动视频颗粒跟踪（PVPT）微流变学和纳米压痕测量来准确确定的，这些测量本质上是在细胞的长度尺度上进行的，并且没有任何外部因素。 PVPT 情况下施加的力。这些结果支持了测量水凝胶线性粘弹性特性的方法，该特性代表了 3D 水凝胶培养物中细胞感知的机械约束。
更新日期：2020-09-10
中文翻译：
笼养力细胞在 3D 水凝胶中的感受：流变学视角。
已经确定水凝胶的机械特性控制（干）细胞的命运。然而，尽管凝胶的硬度和细胞行为之间的一一对应关系很重要，但文献中仍然缺少这种对应关系。在这项工作中，通过在不同长度尺度上进行流变测量来研究聚乙二醇（PEG）基水凝胶的粘弹性特性。这项工作的结果表明，基于 PEG 的水凝胶在受到压缩变形时表现出显着的硬化，这意味着传统的整体流变学测量可能会高估水凝胶的刚度高达一个数量级。据推测，这种明显的硬化是由凝胶网络诱导的“张力状态”引起的，这是由于在样品加载过程中施加压缩法向力造成的。此外，研究表明，水凝胶的实际硬度是通过被动视频颗粒跟踪（PVPT）微流变学和纳米压痕测量来准确确定的，这些测量本质上是在细胞的长度尺度上进行的，并且没有任何外部因素。 PVPT 情况下施加的力。这些结果支持了测量水凝胶线性粘弹性特性的方法，该特性代表了 3D 水凝胶培养物中细胞感知的机械约束。
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