Various bacterial species, previously known as extracellular pathogens, can reside inside different host cells by adapting to intracellular modes by forming microbial aggregates with similar characteristics to bacterial biofilms. Additionally, bacterial invasion of human cells leads to failure in antibiotic therapy, as most conventional anti-bacterial agents cannot reach intracellular biofilm in normal concentrations. Various studies have shown that bacteria such as uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Borrelia burgdorferi, Moraxella catarrhalis, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumonia, and group A Streptococci produce biofilm-like structures within the host cells. For the first time in this review, we will describe and discuss the new information about intracellular bacterial biofilm formation and its importance in bacterial infectious diseases.

通过形成具有与细菌生物膜相似特征的微生物聚集体，适应细胞内模式，各种细菌物种（以前称为细胞外病原体）可以驻留在不同的宿主细胞内。另外，由于大多数常规抗菌剂不能以正常浓度到达细胞内生物膜，因此人类细胞的细菌入侵导致抗生素治疗失败。各种研究表明，细菌如尿路致病性大肠杆菌，铜绿假单胞菌，伯氏疏螺旋体， 卡他莫拉菌，非分型流感嗜血杆菌，链球菌肺炎和A组链球菌在宿主细胞内产生类似生物膜的结构。在本综述中，我们将首次描述和讨论有关细胞内细菌生物膜形成及其在细菌感染性疾病中的重要性的新信息。