All pancreatic cell populations arise from the standard gut endoderm layer in developing embryos, requiring a regulatory gene network to originate and maintain endocrine lineages and endocrine function. The pancreatic organogenesis is regulated by the temporal expression of transcription factors and plays a diverse role in the specification, development, differentiation, maturation, and functional maintenance. Altered expression and activity of these transcription factors are often associated with diabetes mellitus. Recent advancements in the stem cells and invitro derived islets to treat diabetes mellitus has attracted a great deal of interest in the understanding of factors regulating the development, differentiation, and functions of islets including transcription factors. This review discusses the myriad of transcription factors regulating the development of the pancreas, differentiation of β-islets, and how these factors regulated in normal and disease states. Exploring these factors in such critical context and exogenous or endogenous expression of development and differentiation-specific transcription factors with improved epigenetic plasticity/signaling axis in diabetic milieu would useful for the development of β-cells from other cell sources.

中文翻译：

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糖尿病和 β 细胞再生背景下的 β 细胞特异性转录因子

所有胰腺细胞群都来自发育胚胎的标准肠道内胚层，需要调节基因网络来产生和维持内分泌谱系和内分泌功能。胰腺器官发生受转录因子的时间表达调控，并在规范、发育、分化、成熟和功能维持中发挥多种作用。这些转录因子的表达和活性改变通常与糖尿病有关。干细胞和体外衍生胰岛治疗糖尿病的最新进展引起了人们对了解调节胰岛发育、分化和功能的因素（包括转录因子）的极大兴趣。这篇综述讨论了无数调节胰腺发育、β-胰岛分化的转录因子，以及这些因子如何在正常和疾病状态下进行调节。在糖尿病环境中具有改善的表观遗传可塑性/信号转导轴的发育和分化特异性转录因子的外源性或内源性表达，探索这些因素将有助于从其他细胞来源开发 β 细胞。