Abstract Previous studies have observed an intention-behavior gap that has been labeled the “privacy paradox”: people disclose personal information (behavior) despite expressing negative sharing intentions (in surveys). However, this phenomenon has not been studied in the Internet of Things (IoT) in which users’ personal information sharing is crucial for the functionality of the technology. We explore this phenomenon by comparing participants’ intentions (via a survey) with their actual behavior (via a privacy-setting interface) and controlling the data sharing device and storage. Furthermore, we explore the decision processes underlying these privacy decisions by measuring and manipulating these processes using an aspect listing task. We find a reversed intention-behavior gap in IoT: participants disclosed less (rather than more) information in the behavior condition than in the intention condition, an effect that was associated with fewer benefits than risk aspects listed in the behavior condition. The number and type of aspects listed fully mediated the effect of decision type (intention versus behavior) on the decision, which suggests that a risk-benefit calculation guided the privacy decision-making. Moreover, this reversed intention-behavior gap vanishes if we specifically ask participants to think about positive and negative aspects of the decision, as this allows them to consider both risks and benefits, irrespective of decision type.

中文翻译：

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使用方面列表解开物联网 (IoT) 隐私决策中的意图-行为差距

摘要 先前的研究观察到了一种被称为“隐私悖论”的意图 - 行为差距：尽管（在调查中）表达了负面的分享意图，但人们仍会披露个人信息（行为）。然而，这种现象尚未在物联网 (IoT) 中进行研究，其中用户的个人信息共享对该技术的功能至关重要。我们通过比较参与者的意图（通过调查）与他们的实际行为（通过隐私设置界面）并控制数据共享设备和存储来探索这种现象。此外，我们通过使用方面列表任务测量和操纵这些过程来探索这些隐私决策背后的决策过程。我们在物联网中发现了反向的意图 - 行为差距：参与者在行为条件中披露的信息比在意图条件中更少（而不是更多），与行为条件中列出的风险方面相比，这种效应带来的收益更少。列出的方面的数量和类型完全调节了决策类型（意图与行为）对决策的影响，这表明风险收益计算指导了隐私决策。此外，如果我们特别要求参与者考虑决策的积极和消极方面，这种逆转的意图 - 行为差距就会消失，因为这使他们能够同时考虑风险和收益，而不管决策类型。列出的方面的数量和类型完全调节了决策类型（意图与行为）对决策的影响，这表明风险收益计算指导了隐私决策。此外，如果我们特别要求参与者考虑决策的积极和消极方面，这种逆转的意图 - 行为差距就会消失，因为这使他们能够同时考虑风险和收益，而不管决策类型。列出的方面的数量和类型完全调节了决策类型（意图与行为）对决策的影响，这表明风险收益计算指导了隐私决策。此外，如果我们特别要求参与者考虑决策的积极和消极方面，这种逆转的意图 - 行为差距就会消失，因为这使他们能够同时考虑风险和收益，而不管决策类型。