Phasmatodea (Arthropoda, Insecta) comprises phytophagous insects, popularly known as stick bugs because most of them resemble dry branches. Currently, more than 3000 species are known, the majority of which can be found in tropical regions of the world. In Brazil, it is estimated that there are approximately 200 species, but these numbers may not truly reflect the group’s richness. A high degree of intraspecific polymorphism, a low number of specimens sampled, a shortage of specialized literature, and having only a small number of experts have amplified the difficulties in studying this order. Therefore, this study aims to present a historical survey of the Phasmatodea studies that have been conducted in Brazil thus far, indicating gaps in knowledge and discussing perspectives to expand understanding within this group. Furthermore, to the best our knowledge, the molecular characterization of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene of mitochondrial DNA of two species of phasmids found in Brazil, Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835, and Pseudophasma missionum Piza, 1981, is presented for the first time. In addition, this study records for the first time the occurrence of P. missionum in Brazilian territory.

Phasmatodea (Arthropoda, Insecta) 包括植食性昆虫，通常被称为竹节虫，因为它们中的大多数类似于干树枝。目前，已知有 3000 多种物种，其中大部分可以在世界热带地区找到。在巴西，估计有大约 200 个物种，但这些数字可能并不能真正反映该群体的丰富程度。种内多态性高、样本数量少、专业文献匮乏、专家数量少，加大了该目研究的难度。因此，本研究旨在对迄今为止在巴西进行的 Phasmatodea 研究进行历史调查，指出知识差距并讨论观点，以扩大该群体的理解。此外，Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray，1835 年和Pseudophasmamissionum Piza，1981 年首次出现。此外，本研究首次记录了巴西境内P.missionum的发生。