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Trajectory Tracking for Aerial Robots: an Optimization-Based Planning and Control Approach
Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-22 , DOI: 10.1007/s10846-020-01203-2
Jose Luis Sanchez-Lopez , Manuel Castillo-Lopez , Miguel A. Olivares-Mendez , Holger Voos

In this work, we present an optimization-based trajectory tracking solution for multirotor aerial robots given a geometrically feasible path. A trajectory planner generates a minimum-time kinematically and dynamically feasible trajectory that includes not only standard restrictions such as continuity and limits on the trajectory, constraints in the waypoints, and maximum distance between the planned trajectory and the given path, but also restrictions in the actuators of the aerial robot based on its dynamic model, guaranteeing that the planned trajectory is achievable. Our novel compact multi-phase trajectory definition, as a set of two different kinds of polynomials, provides a higher semantic encoding of the trajectory, which allows calculating an optimal solution but following a predefined simple profile. A Model Predictive Controller ensures that the planned trajectory is tracked by the aerial robot with the smallest deviation. Its novel formulation takes as inputs all the magnitudes of the planned trajectory (i.e. position and heading, velocity, and acceleration) to generate the control commands, demonstrating through in-lab real flights an improvement of the tracking performance when compared with a controller that only uses the planned position and heading. To support our optimization-based solution, we discuss the most commonly used representations of orientations, as well as both the difference as well as the scalar error between two rotations, in both tridimensional and bidimensional spaces SO(3) and SO(2). We demonstrate that quaternions and error-quaternions have some advantages when compared to other formulations.



中文翻译:

空中机器人的轨迹跟踪:基于优化的计划和控制方法

在这项工作中,我们为给定几何可行路径的多旋翼飞机机器人提供了基于优化的轨迹跟踪解决方案。轨迹规划器会生成运动学和动态可行的最小时间轨迹,其中不仅包括标准限制,例如连续性和轨迹限制,航路点约束以及计划轨迹与给定路径之间的最大距离,还包括基于其动态模型的空中机器人执行器,确保了可实现计划的轨迹。我们新颖的紧凑型多相轨迹定义是一组两种不同的多项式,它为轨迹提供了更高的语义编码,从而可以计算最优解,但遵循预定义的简单轮廓。模型预测控制器确保空中机器人以最小的偏差跟踪计划的轨迹。其新颖的公式将计划轨迹的所有大小(即位置和航向,速度和加速度)作为输入,以生成控制命令,与仅使用控制器的控制器相比,通过实验室内实际飞行演示了跟踪性能的改进使用计划的位置和方向。为了支持基于优化的解决方案,我们讨论了在三维空间和二维空间中最常用的方向表示形式以及两个旋转之间的差异以及标量误差 其新颖的公式将计划轨迹的所有大小(即位置和航向,速度和加速度)作为输入,以生成控制命令,与仅使用控制器的控制器相比,通过实验室内实际飞行演示了跟踪性能的改进使用计划的位置和方向。为了支持基于优化的解决方案,我们讨论了在三维空间和二维空间中最常用的方向表示形式以及两个旋转之间的差异以及标量误差 其新颖的公式将计划轨迹的所有大小(即位置和航向,速度和加速度)作为输入,以生成控制命令,与仅使用控制器的控制器相比,通过实验室内实际飞行演示了跟踪性能的改进使用计划的位置和方向。为了支持基于优化的解决方案,我们讨论了在三维空间和二维空间中最常用的方向表示形式以及两个旋转之间的差异以及标量误差S O(3)和S O(2)。我们证明,与其他公式相比,四元数和错误四元数具有一些优势。

更新日期:2020-07-22
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