In this research article, we report the role of coupling divalent metal ion tin (Sn) on the structural and magnetic properties of NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles (NPs). A series of nanocrystalline nickel ferrites [Ni( $1-x$ )Sn( $x$ )Fe₂O₄] with composition $x = 0.0$ , 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 are synthesized by coprecipitation method. The synthesized title product is subjected to a variety of analytical techniques such as powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), to understand the structural and magnetic properties. PXRD patterns confirm the single-phase formation of NiFe₂O₄ NPs as well as Sn concentration. SEM images showed the surface morphology details and size of the particles. VSM studies reveal that the saturation magnetization ( $M_{\mathrm {s}}$ ) of soft superparamagnetic nature reduces with the variation of Sn concentration.

中文翻译：

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偶联锡的二价金属离子对 NiFe2O4 纳米颗粒结构和磁性能的影响

在这篇研究文章中，我们报告了耦合二价金属离子锡 (Sn) 对 NiFe ₂ O ₄纳米粒子 (NP)结构和磁性能的影响。一系列纳米晶镍铁氧体[Ni( $1-x$ )锡( $x$ )Fe ₂ O ₄ ] 与组成 $x = 0.0$ 、0.2、0.4、0.6和0.8是通过共沉淀法合成的。合成的标题产品经过多种分析技术，如粉末 X 射线衍射仪 (PXRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和振动样品磁强计 (VSM)，以了解其结构和磁性。PXRD 图案证实了 NiFe ₂ O ₄ NP的单相形成以及 Sn 浓度。SEM图像显示了颗粒的表面形态细节和尺寸。VSM 研究表明，饱和磁化强度 ( $M_{\mathrm {s}}$ ) 的软超顺磁性随 Sn 浓度的变化而减小。