In recent years, brainwaves (EEG) have gained increasing attention in the field of biometric authentication because they feature vital advantages being more secure and impossible to replicate. In this paper, a new approach for the EEG-based biometric recognition system is proposed using steady-state Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEPs). This class of modular brainwaves adds extra features to the system like cancelability and two-step authentication. To investigate the biometric potential of AEPs, brainwaves from 40 subjects were recorded while being stimulated by multiple auditory tones modulated at two frequency bands; 40 Hz (m-40) and 80 Hz (m-80). Each subject participated in two sessions on two different days for time-permanence evaluation. Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) techniques were adopted here for the rapid estimation of the AEPs using canonical correlation analysis. The energy distribution of the AEPs in different frequency bands represented the subject-unique features. For intra-session setup, correct recognition rates up to 96.46% and equal error rates as low as 0% were achieved using the m-80 stimulation over all the 40 subjects. Moreover, results across different sessions showed high recognition rates (94.5 - 96.5%) and low error rates (2 - 4%) over the same number of subjects. These results show that AEPs carry subject discriminating features allowing the possibility of employing AEPs as a biometric trait.

中文翻译：

---

使用稳态 AEP 和受试者独特的空间滤波器进行基于 EEG 的人类识别


近年来，脑电波（EEG）因其具有更安全、不可复制等重要优势，在生物识别领域受到越来越多的关注。在本文中，提出了一种使用稳态听觉诱发电位（AEP）的基于脑电图的生物识别系统的新方法。此类模块化脑电波为系统添加了额外的功能，例如可取消性和两步身份验证。为了研究 AEP 的生物识别潜力，记录了 40 名受试者在受到两个频段调制的多种听觉音刺激时的脑电波； 40 赫兹 (m-40) 和 80 赫兹 (m-80)。每个受试者在不同的两天参加两次会议以进行时间持久性评估。这里采用脑机接口（BCI）技术，使用典型相关分析来快速估计 AEP。不同频段的 AEP 能量分布代表了受试者的独特特征。对于会话内设置，使用 m-80 刺激对所有 40 名受试者实现了高达 96.46% 的正确识别率和低至 0% 的相同错误率。此外，不同会话的结果显示，在相同数量的受试者中，识别率较高 (94.5 - 96.5%)，错误率较低 (2 - 4%)。这些结果表明，AEP 具有受试者区分特征，允许将 AEP 作为生物特征使用。