Reconfigurable circuits have emerged as a promising cell balancing solution in supercapacitor echelon applications. However, the classical decentralized control method of reconfigurable supercapacitors results in high-voltage profiles of cells, which degrades the lifetime of supercapacitors. In this article, we propose a consensus-based cell balancing approach for reconfigurable supercapacitors, where the cell voltages are synchronized and maintained as low as possible to alleviate the aging of supercapacitors. The switched systems theory and graph theory are utilized to characterize the cyber-physical model of reconfigurable supercapacitors. A consensus-based tracking control is designed to balance cell voltages. It is rigorously proved that the proposed cell balancing method can guarantee cell voltages converge to the reference voltage. A laboratory hardware testbed has been built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Extensive experiment results show that the proposed method can prolong the lifetime of cells considerably when compared with existing methods. Some practical issues of the proposed method are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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可重构超级电容器基于共识的电池平衡


可重构电路已成为超级电容器梯队应用中一种有前景的电池平衡解决方案。然而，可重构超级电容器的经典分散控制方法会导致电池电压过高，从而降低超级电容器的使用寿命。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于共识的可重构超级电容器电池平衡方法，其中电池电压同步并保持尽可能低，以减轻超级电容器的老化。利用切换系统理论和图论来表征可重构超级电容器的信息物理模型。基于共识的跟踪控制旨在平衡电池电压。严格证明所提出的电池平衡方法能够保证电池电压收敛于参考电压。搭建了实验室硬件测试平台来验证所提方法的有效性。大量的实验结果表明，与现有方法相比，所提出的方法可以显着延长细胞的寿命。还讨论了所提出方法的一些实际问题。