Interplay between engineered nanomaterials and microbiota,Environmental Science: Nano

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Interplay between engineered nanomaterials and microbiota
Environmental Science: Nano ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 , DOI: 10.1039/d0en00557f
Yirong Zhang _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Monika Mortimer _{2,

3,

4,

5,

6} , Liang-Hong Guo _{2,

3,

4,

5,

6}

Affiliation

The growing evidence of the microbiome's crucial role in human health and disease has prompted research on understanding the impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) on commensal microorganisms. Accordingly, the number of studies addressing the ENM effects on intestinal microbiota has been rapidly increasing over the past few years. The focus on the gut microbiota is justified due to established metabolic and immunological functions of gut microbes, however, respiratory tract and skin microbiota also play important roles in host health and immunity. Here we review the composition and functions of microbiota inhabiting the major human organs that are prone to ENM exposure – skin, respiratory and digestive tract. We discuss the mechanisms of ENM actions relevant to physiological conditions and microbiota, and describe recently developed in vitro models for elucidating the ENM impacts on the gut microbiota. We find that studies pertinent to the oxygen levels prevailing in the digestive tract, are still limited. Finally, we analyze the results of in vivo studies conducted in vertebrate models – zebrafish, mice and rats – exposed to ENMs via ingestion. The relative abundances of bacterial phyla indicate that ENMs have a potential to modulate intestinal microbiota and induce harmful or beneficial effects in the host. Future perspectives include identification of the factors driving ENM-caused dysbiosis and the ENM impacts on microbiota with deviated composition, e.g., under compromised health conditions. Understanding the interplay between ENMs and the human microbiota is crucial for the continued development of nanomedicine and protection of human health against accidental exposure to hazardous ENMs.

中文翻译：

工程纳米材料与微生物群之间的相互作用

微生物组在人类健康和疾病中的关键作用的越来越多的证据促使人们进行了研究，以了解工程纳米材料（ENM）对共生微生物的影响。因此，在过去的几年中，针对ENM对肠道菌群的影响的研究数量迅速增加。由于肠道微生物已建立代谢和免疫功能，因此对肠道微生物群的关注是合理的，但是，呼吸道和皮肤微生物群在宿主健康和免疫中也起着重要作用。在这里，我们回顾了微生物群的组成和功能，这些微生物群居住在容易暴露于ENM的主要人体器官–皮肤，呼吸道和消化道中。我们讨论与生理状况和微生物群有关的ENM行为的机制，并描述最近开发的阐明ENM对肠道菌群影响的体外模型。我们发现，与消化道中普遍存在的氧气水平相关的研究仍然有限。最后，我们分析了在脊椎动物模型（斑马鱼，小鼠和大鼠）中通过摄入暴露于ENM的体内研究的结果。细菌门的相对丰度表明，ENM具有调节肠道菌群并诱导宿主有害或有益作用的潜力。未来的观点包括确定驱动ENM引起的生态失调的因素以及ENM对成分偏离的微生物群的影响，例如，在健康状况不佳的情况下。了解ENM与人类微生物群之间的相互作用对于纳米医学的持续发展以及保护人类健康免受意外暴露于有害ENM至关重要。

更新日期：2020-09-18

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