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Strategies for development of nanoporous materials with 2D building units.
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 , DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00185f Liping Zhang 1 , Mietek Jaroniec 1
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 , DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00185f Liping Zhang 1 , Mietek Jaroniec 1
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It has already been realized that two-dimensional (2D) materials carry a great potential in energy conversion and storage, gas storage, chemical sensing, and many other applications closely related to human life. These applications benefit from a key feature of 2D materials, namely the large specific surface area, which however can be diminished significantly due to the tendency of these materials to restack. In this review, we revisit the strategies – including soft and hard templating – that have been developed for generating nanoporosity in 3D materials and demonstrate their adaptation for 2D materials using carbon nitride and graphene materials as examples. Owing to the 2D nature of the building units, a new type of nanopore can be generated by perforating the basal planes. These in-plane nanopores are essential in many emerging applications of 2D materials such as semipermeable membranes; hence, their creation methods, including post-synthesis activation, ion bombardment, electron beam drilling, and nanolithography, are worthy of a critical review. Lastly, techniques for preventing the restacking by fabricating 2D–0D, 2D–1D, and 2D–2D layer-by-layer composite structures are discussed. The goal is to promote the use of these methods for creating nanoporosity in more 2D materials.
中文翻译：
具有二维建筑单元的纳米多孔材料的开发策略。
人们已经意识到，二维（2D）材料在能量转换和存储、气体存储、化学传感以及与人类生活密切相关的许多其他应用中具有巨大的潜力。这些应用受益于二维材料的一个关键特征，即大的比表面积，但由于这些材料容易重新堆叠，比表面积可能会显着减小。在这篇综述中，我们重新审视了为在 3D 材料中生成纳米孔隙而开发的策略（包括软模板和硬模板），并以氮化碳和石墨烯材料为例展示了它们对 2D 材料的适应性。由于建筑单元的二维性质，可以通过在基面穿孔来生成新型纳米孔。这些面内纳米孔对于二维材料（例如半透膜）的许多新兴应用至关重要；因此，它们的创造方法，包括合成后激活、离子轰击、电子束钻孔和纳米光刻，值得严格审查。最后，讨论了通过制造 2D-0D、2D-1D 和 2D-2D 逐层复合结构来防止重新堆叠的技术。目标是推广使用这些方法在更多二维材料中创建纳米孔隙。
更新日期：2020-08-17
中文翻译：
具有二维建筑单元的纳米多孔材料的开发策略。
人们已经意识到，二维（2D）材料在能量转换和存储、气体存储、化学传感以及与人类生活密切相关的许多其他应用中具有巨大的潜力。这些应用受益于二维材料的一个关键特征，即大的比表面积，但由于这些材料容易重新堆叠，比表面积可能会显着减小。在这篇综述中，我们重新审视了为在 3D 材料中生成纳米孔隙而开发的策略（包括软模板和硬模板），并以氮化碳和石墨烯材料为例展示了它们对 2D 材料的适应性。由于建筑单元的二维性质，可以通过在基面穿孔来生成新型纳米孔。这些面内纳米孔对于二维材料（例如半透膜）的许多新兴应用至关重要；因此，它们的创造方法，包括合成后激活、离子轰击、电子束钻孔和纳米光刻，值得严格审查。最后，讨论了通过制造 2D-0D、2D-1D 和 2D-2D 逐层复合结构来防止重新堆叠的技术。目标是推广使用这些方法在更多二维材料中创建纳米孔隙。
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