B regulatory cells (Breg) refer to characteristic subsets of B cells that generally exert anti-inflammatory functions and maintain peripheral tolerance mainly through their ability to secrete interleukin-10 (IL10). Dysregulation in the function of Breg cells was reported in several autoimmune diseases. However, the relation between Breg and children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is poorly understood. Thus, this study is aimed at determining whether Breg cells play a role in T1D in children or not, so we hypothesized that an altered phenotype of B cell subsets is associated with T1D in children. Children with T1D () and control children with normal blood glucose levels () were recruited. The percentages of different circulating IL10-producing Breg subsets, including B10, immature transitional, and plasmablasts were determined using flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, the association between different IL10-producing B cells and patient parameters was investigated. The percentage of circulating IL10⁺CD24^hiCD27⁺ (B10) and IL10⁺CD24^hiCD38^hi (immature transitional) subsets of Breg cells was significantly lower in T1D patients than in healthy controls. Moreover, these cells were also negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Breg cells did not correlate with autoantibody levels in the serum. These findings suggest that certain Breg subsets are numerically deficient in children with T1D. This alteration in frequency is associated with deficient islet function and glycemia. These findings suggest that Breg cells may be involved in the loss of auto-tolerance and consequent destruction of pancreatic cells and could, therefore, be a potential target for immunotherapy.

中文翻译：

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1型糖尿病儿童的调节性B细胞亚群改变。

B调节细胞（Breg）是指通常发挥抗炎功能并主要通过分泌白介素10（IL10）的能力维持外周耐受的B细胞的特征性亚群。在几种自身免疫性疾病中报道了Breg细胞功能的失调。但是，人们对布雷格与1型糖尿病（T1D）儿童的关系知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在确定Breg细胞是否在儿童T1D中发挥作用，因此我们假设儿童B细胞亚型的改变表型与T1D相关。T1D患儿（）并控制血糖水平正常的儿童（）被招募。使用流式细胞仪分析确定了不同的循环产生IL10的Breg子集（包括B10，未成熟转化子和成浆细胞）的百分比。此外，研究了不同的产生IL10的B细胞与患者参数之间的关联。循环IL10 ⁺ CD24 ^hi CD27 ⁺（B10）和IL10 ⁺ CD24 ^hi CD38 ^hi的百分比在T1D患者中，Breg细胞的（未成熟的）过渡亚群显着低于健康对照组。此外，这些细胞还与空腹血糖和HbA1c水平呈负相关。Breg细胞与血清中自身抗体水平不相关。这些发现表明，某些Breg亚群在患有T1D的儿童中在数字上不足。频率的这种变化与胰岛功能不足和血糖升高有关。这些发现表明，Breg细胞可能参与了自身耐受性的丧失和胰腺细胞的破坏，因此可能成为免疫治疗的潜在靶标。