STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine associations of social isolation and loneliness with sleep in older adults, and whether associations differ for survey and actigraph sleep measures. METHODS This study used data from The National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), a nationally-representative study of community dwelling older adults born 1920-1947. A random one-third of participants in 2010/2011 were invited to participate in a sleep study (n = 759) that included survey questions, 72 hours of wrist actigraphy, and a sleep log. Perceived loneliness was measured using three questions from the UCLA Loneliness Scale. An index of social isolation was constructed from nine items that queried social network characteristics and social interactions. We used ordinary least squares and ordinal logistic regression to examine whether sleep measures were associated with loneliness and social isolation adjusted for potential sociodemographic confounders. RESULTS Social isolation and loneliness had a low correlation (Spearman's correlation = 0.20). Both loneliness and social isolation were associated with actigraphy measures of more disrupted sleep: wake after sleep onset (WASO) and percent sleep. Neither was associated with actigraph total sleep time. Increased loneliness was strongly associated with more insomnia symptoms and with shorter sleep duration assessed by a single question, but social isolation was not. More isolated individuals spent longer time in bed. CONCLUSIONS We found both loneliness and social isolation were associated with worse actigraph sleep quality, but their associations with self-reported sleep differed. Only loneliness was associated with worse and shorter self-reported sleep.

中文翻译：

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在全国老年人样本中孤独和社会孤立与活动记录和自我报告的睡眠质量之间的关联

研究目标 研究社会孤立和孤独与老年人睡眠之间的关联，以及调查和活动记录仪睡眠测量的关联是否不同。方法 本研究使用来自全国社会生活、健康和老龄化项目 (NSHAP) 的数据，这是一项针对 1920-1947 年出生的社区居住老年人的全国代表性研究。2010/2011 年随机邀请三分之一的参与者参加一项睡眠研究（n = 759），其中包括调查问题、72 小时的腕部活动记录和睡眠日志。使用来自加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独量表的三个问题来衡量感知孤独感。社会隔离指数由九个查询社交网络特征和社交互动的项目构成。我们使用普通最小二乘法和有序逻辑回归来检查睡眠测量是否与针对潜在社会人口统计学混杂因素进行调整的孤独和社会孤立相关。结果 社会孤立和孤独的相关性较低（Spearman 相关性 = 0.20）。孤独和社会孤立都与更扰乱睡眠的活动记录测量有关：入睡后醒来（WASO）和睡眠百分比。两者都与活动记录仪总睡眠时间无关。孤独感的增加与更多的失眠症状和通过单一问题评估的睡眠时间更短密切相关，但社会孤立并非如此。越孤立的人在床上呆的时间越长。结论 我们发现孤独和社会孤立都与较差的活动记录仪睡眠质量有关，但他们与自我报告睡眠的关联不同。只有孤独感与更糟和更短的自我报告睡眠有关。