Ultra-high voltage electron microscopy is useful for research utilizing high penetration thickness of electron beam, in-situ observation, or irradiation effects by the particle characteristics of electrons. In this review, the importance of non-equilibrium materials science research by a combination with irradiation effects and in-situ observation is shown, and examples of some research are introduced. For example, crystal-amorphous-crystalline phase transition in intermetallic compounds, non-equilibrium phase transition in pure metallic nanoparticles, and nucleation and growth process of electron irradiation induced crystallization in amorphous nanoparticles will be discussed. Finally, we want to suggest the importance of exploring non-equilibrium materials science based on dynamic structures which has been unexplored.

中文翻译：

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非平衡材料纳米加工的原位超高压电镜研究

超高压电子显微镜可用于利用电子束的高穿透厚度、原位观察或电子粒子特性的辐照效应的研究。在这篇综述中，展示了结合辐照效应和原位观察进行非平衡材料科学研究的重要性，并介绍了一些研究实例。例如，将讨论金属间化合物中的晶体-非晶-结晶相变、纯金属纳米颗粒中的非平衡相变以及电子辐射诱导非晶纳米颗粒中结晶的成核和生长过程。最后，我们想提出探索基于尚未探索的动态结构的非平衡材料科学的重要性。