Data sharing anchors reproducible science, but expectations and best practices are often nebulous. Communities of funders, researchers and publishers continue to grapple with what should be required or encouraged. To illuminate the rationales for sharing data, the technical challenges and the social and cultural challenges, we consider the stakeholders in the scientific enterprise. In biomedical research, participants are key among those stakeholders. Ethical sharing requires considering both the value of research efforts and the privacy costs for participants. We discuss current best practices for various types of genomic data, as well as opportunities to promote ethical data sharing that accelerates science by aligning incentives.

数据共享是可重复科学的基础，但期望和最佳实践往往是模糊的。资助者、研究人员和出版商社区继续努力解决应该要求或鼓励的问题。为了阐明共享数据的基本原理、技术挑战以及社会和文化挑战，我们考虑了科学企业的利益相关者。在生物医学研究中，参与者是利益相关者中的关键。道德共享需要考虑研究工作的价值和参与者的隐私成本。我们讨论当前各种类型基因组数据的最佳实践，以及促进道德数据共享的机会，通过调整激励措施来加速科学发展。