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Life and death of slow-moving landslides
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment ( IF 49.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 , DOI: 10.1038/s43017-020-0072-8
Pascal Lacroix , Alexander L. Handwerger , Grégory Bièvre

In the most destructive and catastrophic landslide events, rocks, soil and fluids can travel at speeds approaching several tens of metres per second. However, many landslides, commonly referred to as slow-moving landslides, creep at rates ranging from millimetres to several metres per year and can persist for years to decades. Although slow-moving landslides rarely claim lives, they can cause major damage to infrastructure and sometimes fail catastrophically, transitioning into fast-moving landslides that can result in thousands of casualties. In addition, slow-moving landslides are highly erosive features that control the landscape morphology in many mountainous regions (such as the California Coast Ranges or the Apennines). The persistent and long-term motion of slow-moving landslides provides an exceptional opportunity to investigate landslide processes and mechanisms. In this Review, we examine the environmental conditions (such as geology, climate and tectonics) of slow-moving-landslide-prone regions, analyse the forcings (for example, precipitation and groundwater, earthquakes, river erosion, anthropogenic forcings and external material supply) that drive their motion and investigate the subsequent implications of the different forcings on landslide dynamics. We then discuss circumstances in which slow-moving landslides can accelerate rapidly, move large distances or even fail catastrophically. Finally, we provide new perspectives and challenges for future landslide research.



中文翻译:

缓慢滑坡的生与死

在最具破坏性和灾难性的滑坡事件中,岩石,土壤和流体可能以每秒几十米的速度行进。但是,许多滑坡(通常称为缓慢移动的滑坡)以每年数毫米至几米的速度蠕变,并且可以持续数年至数十年。尽管缓慢移动的滑坡很少夺走生命,但它们可能对基础设施造成重大破坏,有时甚至灾难性地失败,过渡为快速移动的滑坡,可能导致数千人伤亡。此外,缓慢移动的滑坡是高度侵蚀性的特征,可控制许多山区(例如加利福尼亚海岸山脉或亚平宁山脉)的景观形态。缓慢移动的滑坡的持续和长期运动为研究滑坡的过程和机理提供了绝佳的机会。在本综述中,我们研究了滑坡易发地区的环境条件(例如地质,气候和构造),分析了强迫(例如降水和地下水,地震,河流侵蚀,人为强迫和外部物质供应) ),以驱动其运动,并研究不同强迫对滑坡动力学的后续影响。然后,我们讨论了缓慢移动的滑坡可以快速加速,移动较大距离甚至造成灾难性破坏的情况。最后,我们为未来的滑坡研究提供了新的观点和挑战。我们研究了滑坡易发地区的环境条件(例如地质,气候和构造),分析了驱动其发展的强迫(例如降水和地下水,地震,河流侵蚀,人为强迫和外部物质供应)运动并研究不同强迫对滑坡动力学的后续影响。然后,我们讨论了缓慢移动的滑坡可以快速加速,移动较大距离甚至造成灾难性破坏的情况。最后,我们为未来的滑坡研究提供了新的观点和挑战。我们研究了滑坡易发地区的环境条件(例如地质,气候和构造),分析了驱动其发展的强迫(例如降水和地下水,地震,河流侵蚀,人为强迫和外部物质供应)运动并研究不同强迫对滑坡动力学的后续影响。然后,我们讨论了缓慢移动的滑坡可以快速加速,移动较大距离甚至造成灾难性破坏的情况。最后,我们为未来的滑坡研究提供了新的观点和挑战。人为强迫和外部物质供应)来驱动它们的运动,并研究不同强迫对滑坡动力学的后续影响。然后,我们讨论了缓慢移动的滑坡可以快速加速,移动较大距离甚至造成灾难性破坏的情况。最后,我们为未来的滑坡研究提供了新的观点和挑战。人为强迫和外部物质供应)来驱动它们的运动,并研究不同强迫对滑坡动力学的后续影响。然后,我们讨论了缓慢移动的滑坡可以快速加速,移动较大距离甚至造成灾难性破坏的情况。最后,我们为未来的滑坡研究提供了新的观点和挑战。

更新日期:2020-07-21
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