ABSTRACT

Titanium ores are plentiful in the earth crust, and the corresponding metal content ranks as the fourth among structural metals; the application of titanium metal is restricted for its high cost in spite of its excellent mechanical properties, corrosion, and oxidation resistance. Titanium metal was first produced with Hunter process yet this has been practically replaced by Kroll process which contains carbochlorination of rutile and ilmenite to obtain TiCl₄, followed by metallothermic reduction with magnesium. The complex procedure, huge investment, and considerable energy consumption have markedly prevented the development of titanium. Electrolysis has been proposed by Fray et al. in the early twenty-first century, developed and derived by many other researchers, involving both anodic and cathodic process, use TiCl₄ and titania as raw materials. However, the efficiency and continuity issues remain inevitable, while self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) seems a good alternative for its rapid, continuous, and controllable characteristics. The extractive metallurgy of titanium and its alloy plays an important role in the effective utilization of titanium. At present, there is a lack of the latest review on the extractive metallurgy technology of titanium and its alloys. In this paper, the development status of extractive metallurgy of titanium and its alloys are reviewed, and finally, the direction of extractive metallurgy of titanium and its alloys is prospected.

摘要

地壳中钛矿含量丰富，相应的金属含量在结构金属中居第四位；钛金属尽管具有优异的机械性能、耐腐蚀性和抗氧化性，但由于其成本高而限制了其应用。钛金属最初是用 Hunter 工艺生产的，但实际上已被 Kroll 工艺取代，该工艺包含对金红石和钛铁矿进行碳氯化以获得 TiCl ₄，然后用镁进行金属热还原。复杂的工序、巨大的投资和相当大的能源消耗明显阻碍了钛的发展。Fray 等人提出了电解。二十一世纪初，由许多其他研究人员开发和衍生，涉及阳极和阴极过程，使用 TiCl ₄和二氧化钛为原料。然而，效率和连续性问题仍然不可避免，而自蔓延高温合成（SHS）因其快速、连续和可控的特性似乎是一个不错的选择。钛及其合金的提取冶金对钛的有效利用具有重要作用。目前，缺乏对钛及其合金提取冶金技术的最新综述。本文综述了钛及其合金提取冶金的发展现状，最后对钛及其合金提取冶金的发展方向进行了展望。