Recently, research has been deeply focusing on the role of the microbiota in numerous diseases, either affecting the skin or other organs. What it is well established is that its dysregulation promotes several cutaneous disorders (i.e. psoriasis and atopic dermatitis). To date, little is known about its composition, mediators and role in the genesis, progression and response to therapy of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC). Starting from a bibliographic study, we classified the selected articles into four sections: i) normal skin microbiota; ii) in vitro study models; iii) microbiota and NMSC and iv) probiotics, antibiotics and NMSC. What has emerged is how skin microflora changes, mainly represented by increases of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, modifications in the mutual quantity of β-Human papillomavirus genotypes, of Epstein Barr Virus and Malassezia or candidiasis, may contribute to the induction of a state of chronic self-maintaining inflammation, leading to cancer. In this context, the role of S. aureus and that of specific antimicrobial peptides look to be prominent. Moreover, although antibiotics may contribute to carcinogenesis, due to their ability to influence the microbiota balance, specific probiotics, such as Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 and Bifidobacteria spp., may be protective.

近来，研究已深入地集中在微生物群在影响皮肤或其他器官的许多疾病中的作用。公认的是，它的失调促进了几种皮肤疾病（即牛皮癣和特应性皮炎）。迄今为止，关于其组成，介体以及在非黑素瘤皮肤癌（NMSC）治疗的发生，进展和反应中的作用还知之甚少。从书目研究开始，我们将选定的文章分为四个部分：i）正常皮肤微生物群；ii）体外研究模型；iii）微生物群和NMSC，以及iv）益生菌，抗生素和NMSC。出现的是皮肤微生物区系如何变化，主要表现为金黄色葡萄球菌，化脓性链球菌和铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）菌株，爱泼斯坦巴尔病毒（Epstein Barr Virus）和马拉色菌病（Malassezia或念珠菌病）的β-人类乳头瘤病毒基因型相互数量的改变，可能有助于诱发慢性自我维持性炎症，导致癌症。在这种情况下，金黄色葡萄球菌和特定抗微生物肽的作用看起来很突出。此外，尽管抗生素可能会致癌，但由于它们影响微生物群平衡的能力，特定的益生菌如鼠李糖乳酸杆菌GG，约翰逊乳杆菌NCC 533和双歧杆菌属可能具有保护作用。