Mastitis caused by bacterial infection has negative impacts on milk quality and animal health, and ultimately causes economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide. Gram-negative bacteria and their component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can trigger the inflammatory response of endothelial cells (ECs) and subsequently promote EC dysfunction or injury, which is a critical pathogenesis of mastitis-causing sepsis shock. To control the bacterial infection and to minimise the LPS negative effects on ECs, we thus aimed to identify the potential herb extracts that comprised antibacterial activity and protective ability to inhibit LPS-induced cell death. Extracts from seven types of herbs derived from antibacterial screening were investigated for their protective effects on LPS-stimulated bovine endothelial cell line. Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau (C. nutans) extract appeared to be the most effective antiapoptotic extract against LPS stimulation. Treatment of C. nutans extract in LPS-stimulated cells significantly lowered apoptotic cell death through modulating pro-survival Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic Bax expression. The investigation of bioactive compounds using solvent fractionation, HPLC, and LC-MS/MS analysis revealed glyceryl 1,3-disterate (C₃₉H₇₆O₅), kaempferol 3-O-feruloyl-sophoroside 7-O-glucoside (C₄₃H₄₈O₂₄), and hydroxypthioceranic acid (C₄₆H₉₂O₃) as the candidate components. Our findings indicated that C. nutans extract has great potential to be further developed as an alternative therapeutic agent for mastitis treatment.

中文翻译：

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桔梗（Clinacanthus nutans）（Burm。f。）Lindau叶提取物对牛乳腺炎的抗菌-抗凋亡双重作用。

由细菌感染引起的乳腺炎会对牛奶质量和动物健康产生负面影响，并最终给全球乳业造成经济损失。革兰氏阴性细菌及其组成成分脂多糖（LPS）可以触发内皮细胞（ECs）的炎症反应，进而促进EC功能障碍或损伤，这是引起乳腺炎的败血症休克的关键发病机制。为了控制细菌感染并使LPS对EC的负面影响最小，我们因此旨在鉴定潜在的草药提取物，其具有抗菌活性和抑制LPS诱导的细胞死亡的保护能力。研究了从抗菌筛选中提取的7种草药提取物对LPS刺激的牛内皮细胞系的保护作用。Clinacanthus nutans（Burm。f。）Lindau（C. nutans）提取物似乎是对抗LPS刺激的最有效的抗凋亡提取物。通过调节促存活的Bcl-2和促凋亡的Bax表达，在LPS刺激的细胞中处理C. nutans提取物可显着降低凋亡细胞死亡。使用溶剂分馏，HPLC和LC-MS / MS分析对生物活性化合物进行的研究表明，1,3-二硬脂酸甘油酯（C ₃₉ H ₇₆ O ₅），山奈酚3-O-阿魏酰基-槐糖苷7-O-葡萄糖苷（C ₄₃ H ₄₈ O ₂₄）和羟基对硫氰酸（C ₄₆ H ₉₂ O _3））作为候选组件。我们的发现表明，巴西坚果提取物具有巨大的潜力，可以进一步发展为乳腺炎的替代治疗剂。