The environmental dissemination of selected antibiotics from hospital wastewater into municipal wastewater and lastly to a receiving water body was investigated. Selected antibiotics (azithromycin (AZM), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clindamycin (CDM), doxycycline (DXC) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ)) present in effluents of academic hospital wastewater, influents, sewage sludge, and effluents of municipal wastewater, receiving water, and its benthic sediment samples were quantified using the Acquity^® Waters Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography System hyphenated with a Waters Synapt G2 coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The overall results showed that all assessed antibiotics were found in all matrices. For solid matrices, river sediment samples had elevated concentrations with mean concentrations of 34,834, 35,623, 50,913, 55,263, and 41,781 ng/g for AZM, CIP, CDM, DXC, and SMZ, respectively, whereas for liquid samples, hospital wastewater and influent of wastewater had the highest concentrations. The lowest concentrations were observed in river water, with mean concentrations of 11, 97, 15, and 123 ng/L, except for CDM, which was 18 ng/L in the effluent of wastewater. The results showed that the highest percentages of antibiotics removed was SMZ with 90%, followed by DXC, AZM and CIP with a removal efficiency of 85%, 83%, and 83%, respectively. The antibiotic that showed the lowest removal percentage was CDM with 66%. However, the calculated environmental dissemination analysis through the use of mass load calculations revealed daily release of 15,486, 14,934, 1526, 922, and 680 mg/d for SMZ, CIP, AZM, DXC, and CDM, respectively, indicating a substantial release of selected antibiotics from wastewater to the river system, where they are possibly adsorbed in the river sediment. Further research into the efficient removal of antibiotics from wastewater and the identification of antibiotic sources in river sediment is needed.

中文翻译：

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从医院废水到水生环境的某些抗生素的环境传播。

研究了从医院废水到市政废水以及最后到接收水体中所选抗生素的环境传播。学术医院废水，进水，污水污泥以及市政废水，污水，污水，废水，污水，废水，污水，废水，废水，和它的海底沉积物样品使用的Acquity量化^®沃特世超高性能液相色谱系统，连接了沃特斯Synapt G2和四极杆飞行时间质谱仪。总体结果表明，在所有基质中都发现了所有评估的抗生素。对于固体基质，河流沉积物样品的浓度较高，AZM，CIP，CDM，DXC和SMZ的平均浓度分别为34,83​​4、35,623、50,913、55,263和41,781 ng / g，而液体样品，医院废水和进水分别为废水的浓度最高。在河水中观察到最低浓度，平均浓度为11、97、15和123 ng / L，除了CDM废水的浓度为18 ng / L。结果显示，去除率最高的抗生素是SMZ，去除率为90％，其次是DXC，AZM和CIP，去除效率为85％，分别为83％和83％。去除率最低的抗生素是CDM，占66％。但是，通过使用质量负荷计算得出的环境传播分析结果显示，SMZ，CIP，AZM，DXC和CDM的每日释放量分别为15486、14934、1526、922和680 mg / d，表明大量释放。从废水到河流系统中选择了抗生素，这些抗生素可能会吸附在河流沉积物中。需要进一步研究从废水中有效去除抗生素以及在河流沉积物中鉴定抗生素来源。对于SMZ，CIP，AZM，DXC和CDM，分别为14934、1526、922和680 mg / d，这表明选定的抗生素从废水中大量释放到河流系统中，可能会吸附在河流沉积物中。需要进一步研究从废水中有效去除抗生素以及在河流沉积物中鉴定抗生素来源。对于SMZ，CIP，AZM，DXC和CDM，分别为14934、1526、922和680 mg / d，这表明选定的抗生素从废水中大量释放到河流系统中，可能会吸附在河流沉积物中。需要进一步研究从废水中有效去除抗生素以及在河流沉积物中鉴定抗生素来源。