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Effects of predation risk on the body mass regulation of growing wood mice
Journal of Zoology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-20 , DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12811 R. I. Monarca 1, 2 , J. R. Speakman 3, 4 , M. L. Mathias 1, 2
Journal of Zoology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-20 , DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12811 R. I. Monarca 1, 2 , J. R. Speakman 3, 4 , M. L. Mathias 1, 2
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Body mass in wild animals has been suggested to be regulated by the opposing fitness consequences of variation in body size (and fat storage) for starvation and predation risk. Many studies of adult mammals and birds have broadly confirmed the predictions of this model. However, relatively few studies have addressed the potential role of such trade‐offs during early phases of development when animals are growing. Similarly, studies of the impact of high‐fat diets on wild small mammals generally show a resistance to weight gain. But whether growing animals are similarly resistant is unclear. In this study, weaned wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) were exposed to a high risk of predation, simulated by the broadcasting of owl calls, for 66 days during which body mass and energy intake were monitored. We hypothesized that if the risk of predation plays a role in regulating body mass during this phase then animals growing under predation risk would grow less. We found female (but not male) mice exposed to the predation risk treatment had lower growth rates and ended the experiment lighter; however, variations in energy intake and resting metabolic rate did not explain the observed differences. Feeding on high‐fat diet resulted in individuals with higher body mass. Females reached their adult size earlier than males and were more responsive to the predation risk treatment when feeding on high‐fat diet. Our data suggest males body mass to have fitness consequences on social dominance and reproductive success not accounted for in the simple starvation‐predation trade‐off model.
中文翻译：
捕食风险对生长中的木鼠体重调节的影响
有人提出，野生动物的体重受饥饿和被捕食风险的体型（和脂肪储存）变化的相反健身结果所调节。对成年哺乳动物和鸟类的许多研究已广泛证实了该模型的预测。然而，相对较少的研究探讨了这种权衡在动物成长的早期阶段的潜在作用。同样，高脂饮食对野生小型哺乳动物影响的研究通常显示出对体重增加的抵抗力。但是尚不清楚生长中的动物是否同样具有抗性。在这项研究中，断奶的木老鼠（姬鼠））会暴露在高风险中，这是通过广播猫头鹰的叫声模拟的，为期66天，在此期间监控体重和能量摄入。我们假设，如果在这一阶段中捕食风险在调节体重中起作用，那么处于捕食风险下生长的动物的生长就会减少。我们发现暴露于捕食风险处理的雌性（但非雄性）小鼠生长速度较低，并且使实验减轻。然而，能量摄入和静息代谢率的变化并不能解释观察到的差异。以高脂饮食为食会导致个体体重更高。雌性比雄性更早达到成年大小，并且在以高脂饮食为食时对捕食风险治疗反应更强。
更新日期：2020-07-20
中文翻译：
捕食风险对生长中的木鼠体重调节的影响
有人提出，野生动物的体重受饥饿和被捕食风险的体型（和脂肪储存）变化的相反健身结果所调节。对成年哺乳动物和鸟类的许多研究已广泛证实了该模型的预测。然而，相对较少的研究探讨了这种权衡在动物成长的早期阶段的潜在作用。同样，高脂饮食对野生小型哺乳动物影响的研究通常显示出对体重增加的抵抗力。但是尚不清楚生长中的动物是否同样具有抗性。在这项研究中，断奶的木老鼠（姬鼠））会暴露在高风险中，这是通过广播猫头鹰的叫声模拟的，为期66天，在此期间监控体重和能量摄入。我们假设，如果在这一阶段中捕食风险在调节体重中起作用，那么处于捕食风险下生长的动物的生长就会减少。我们发现暴露于捕食风险处理的雌性（但非雄性）小鼠生长速度较低，并且使实验减轻。然而，能量摄入和静息代谢率的变化并不能解释观察到的差异。以高脂饮食为食会导致个体体重更高。雌性比雄性更早达到成年大小，并且在以高脂饮食为食时对捕食风险治疗反应更强。
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