Environmental contamination by hydrocarbons is a major problem, and hydrocarbon accumulation in soil poses hazardous threat to ecosystems. Phytoremediation, which involves plants, is an encouraging technique for the removal of hydrocarbons from polluted soil and water. The purpose of this investigation was to examine whether bacterial inoculation enhanced the phytoremediation of hydrocarbons in diesel-contaminated soil vegetated with maize (Zea mays L.). The two cultivars of maize, MMRI Yellow and Pearl White, were planted in diesel-polluted soil (0, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 g diesel kg⁻¹ soil), and inoculated with the consortium of three alkane-degrading bacterial strains, Arthrobacter oxydans ITRH49, Pseudomonas sp. ITRI73 and Pseudomonas sp. MixRI75. Bacterial inoculation enhanced plant growth and hydrocarbon degradation. Between two cultivars, MMRI Yellow showed better growth and hydrocarbon degradation in the presence and absence of bacterial inoculation. Maximum hydrocarbon degradation (80%) was observed in the soil having minimum concentration of diesel (1.5 g kg⁻¹ soil), and vegetated with bacterial inoculated MMRI Yellow maize cultivar. Furthermore, more bacterial colonization, and abundance and expression of the alkane hydroxylase gene (alkB) were observed in the root interior than in the rhizosphere and shoot interior of the plants. The bacteria-mediated phytoremediation of soil contaminated with hydrocarbons suggested that the collective use of plants and bacteria was the most beneficial approach for the reclamation of diesel-contaminated soil in comparison with vegetation alone.

中文翻译：

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细菌生物强化增强了柴油污染土壤中的碳氢化合物降解、植物定植和基因表达

碳氢化合物对环境的污染是一个主要问题，土壤中的碳氢化合物积累对生态系统构成了危险威胁。涉及植物的植物修复是一种从受污染的土壤和水中去除碳氢化合物的令人鼓舞的技术。本次调查的目的是检验细菌接种是否能增强对玉米 ( Zea mays L.)种植的柴油污染土壤中碳氢化合物的植物修复。将两个玉米品种 MMRI Yellow 和 Pearl White 种植在柴油污染的土壤中（0、1.5、2.5 和 3.5 g 柴油 kg ^-1土壤），并接种了三种烷烃降解菌株Arthrobacter 的聚生体杆菌ITRH49，假单胞菌属。ITRI73 和假单胞菌属 混合RI75。细菌接种增强了植物生长和碳氢化合物降解。在两个栽培品种之间，MMRI Yellow 在存在和不存在细菌接种的情况下显示出更好的生长和碳氢化合物降解。在柴油浓度最低的土壤（1.5 g kg ^-1土壤）中观察到最大的碳氢化合物降解（80%），并种植有细菌接种的 MMRI 黄玉米品种。此外，更多的细菌定植、烷烃羟化酶基因 ( alkB) 在根内部观察到，而不是在植物的根际和枝条内部。细菌介导的碳氢化合物污染土壤的植物修复表明，与单独使用植被相比，植物和细菌的集体使用是对柴油污染土壤的复垦最有益的方法。