Psychostimulant drugs addiction is a chronic public health problem and individuals remain susceptible to relapses increasing public expenses even after withdrawal and treatment. Our research group has focused on finding new therapies to be employed in drug addiction treatment, suggesting the physical exercise as a promising tool. This way, it is necessary to know the mechanisms involved in the beneficial influences of physical exercise observing the pathway that could be explored in drug addiction treatment. Male Wistar rats were conditioned with amphetamine (AMPH) following the conditioned place preference (CPP) protocol and subsequently submitted to swimming for 5 weeks (1 h per day, 5 days per week). Half of the animals were injected with Naloxone (0.3 mg/mL/kg body weight, i.p.) 5 min prior each physical exercise day. After AMPH-CPP re-exposure, our outcomes showed that physical exercise, in addition to minimizing the relapse behavior in the CPP, it increased D1R, D2R and DAT in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA), but not in the Nucleus accumbens (NAc). Interestingly, while naloxone inhibited the partial beneficial influence of the exercise on drug-relapse behavior, exercise-induced changes in the dopaminergic system were not observed in the group administered with naloxone as well. Based on these evidences, besides reinforcing the beneficial influence of the physical exercise on AMPH-induced drug addiction, we propose the involvement of endogenous opioid system activation, not as a single one, but as a possible mechanism of action resulting from the physical activity practice, thus characterizing an important therapeutic approach, which may contribute to drug withdrawal consequently preventing relapse.

精神兴奋药成瘾是一个长期的公共卫生问题，即使在戒断和治疗后，个人仍然容易复发，增加了公共开支。我们的研究小组致力于寻找可用于药物成瘾治疗的新疗法，认为体育锻炼是一种有前途的工具。这样，有必要了解体育锻炼的有益影响所涉及的机制，观察可能在药物成瘾治疗中探索的途径。男性维斯塔按照条件优先位置（CPP）方案，用苯丙胺（AMPH）对大鼠进行调节，然后将其游泳5周（每天1小时，每周5天）。每个体育锻炼前5分钟，对一半的动物注射纳洛酮（0.3 mg / mL / kg体重，腹膜内）。再次暴露AMPH-CPP后，我们的结果表明，体育锻炼除了最大程度地降低CPP的复发行为外，还增加了腹侧被盖区（VTA）的D1R，D2R和DAT，但伏隔核没有增加（NAc）。有趣的是，尽管纳洛酮抑制了运动对药物复发行为的部分有益影响，但纳洛酮组也未观察到运动引起的多巴胺能系统改变。基于这些证据，除了增强体育锻炼对AMPH诱导的药物成瘾的有益影响外，我们还提出内源性阿片样物质系统激活的参与，而不是作为一个单一的参与，而是作为体育活动实践产生的一种可能的作用机制因此，这是一种重要的治疗方法，可能有助于戒断药物，从而预防复发。