Abstract To clarify how regional biodiversity is conserved by forest management plans, we compared the regional forest plans of Japan with nationwide forest plans and the condition of the forest at each regional level. Some important considerations (e.g., riparian areas) for conservation and maintenance of biodiversity in forest production landscapes were omitted from the descriptions in some regional plans but were nevertheless included in the nationwide forest plan. In regional forest plans, “Designated specific forests that are important forests for conserving biodiversity were conserved” are essential in the plans, and other forests were not targeted for biodiversity conservation. Thus, land sparing (land-use specialization) was applied strictly, and major measures to conserve biodiversity in regional forest plans, rather than land sharing (multiple-use forestry), were taken. In particular, forestry-active prefectures emphasized that forests other than those already conserved were not considered for biodiversity conservation in the regional plans. The regional variability of biodiversity conservation in the regional plans depended mainly on the economic conditions of the forests. Since climate conditions and the natural disturbance regime have an impact on biodiversity in Japan, biogeographical variations should be incorporated into forest management plans. Top-down governance for forestry and biodiversity and decentralization to reflect regionality should be considered and reconciled.

中文翻译：

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生物多样性问题在日本区域和全国森林管理计划中的作用 - 森林计划是否促进了保护？

摘要 为了阐明森林经营计划如何保护区域生物多样性，我们比较了日本的区域森林计划与全国森林计划以及每个地区级别的森林状况。一些区域计划的描述中省略了一些保护和维护森林生产景观中生物多样性的重要考虑因素（例如，河岸地区），但仍包含在全国森林计划中。在区域森林规划中，“保护生物多样性重要森林的指定特定森林”是规划中必不可少的，其他森林不属于生物多样性保护的对象。因此，严格实行土地节约（土地利用专业化），在区域森林计划中采取主要措施保护生物多样性，而不是土地共享（多用途林业）。特别是，林业活跃的县强调，区域计划中不考虑将已保护森林以外的森林纳入生物多样性保护。区域规划中生物多样性保护的区域变异性主要取决于森林的经济状况。由于气候条件和自然干扰制度对日本的生物多样性有影响，因此应将生物地理变化纳入森林管理计划。应考虑并协调林业和生物多样性的自上而下治理和权力下放以反映区域性。林业活动县强调，区域计划中不考虑将已经保护的森林以外的森林用于生物多样性保护。区域规划中生物多样性保护的区域变异性主要取决于森林的经济状况。由于气候条件和自然干扰制度对日本的生物多样性有影响，因此应将生物地理变化纳入森林管理计划。应考虑并协调林业和生物多样性的自上而下治理和权力下放以反映区域性。林业活动县强调，区域计划中不考虑将已经保护的森林以外的森林用于生物多样性保护。区域规划中生物多样性保护的区域变异性主要取决于森林的经济状况。由于气候条件和自然干扰制度对日本的生物多样性有影响，因此应将生物地理变化纳入森林管理计划。应考虑并协调林业和生物多样性的自上而下治理和权力下放以反映区域性。由于气候条件和自然干扰制度对日本的生物多样性有影响，因此应将生物地理变化纳入森林管理计划。应考虑并协调林业和生物多样性的自上而下治理以及反映区域性的权力下放。由于气候条件和自然干扰制度对日本的生物多样性有影响，因此应将生物地理变化纳入森林管理计划。应考虑并协调林业和生物多样性的自上而下治理和权力下放以反映区域性。