Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery is one of the most effective measures for preventing surgical site infection, although its use is frequently inadequate and may even increase the risk of infection, toxicities and bacterial resistance. As a result of advances in surgical techniques and the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, the current guidelines for prophylaxis need to be revised.

La Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas (Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology) (SEIMC) together with the Asociación Española de Cirujanos (Spanish Association of Surgeons) (AEC) have revised and updated the recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis to adapt them to any type of surgical intervention and to current epidemiology. This document gathers together the recommendations on antimicrobial prophylaxis in the various procedures, with doses, duration, prophylaxis in special patient groups, and in epidemiological settings of multidrug resistance to facilitate standardized management and the safe, effective and rational use of antibiotics in elective surgery.

手术中预防性使用抗生素是预防手术部位感染最有效的措施之一，尽管其使用常常不足，甚至可能增加感染、毒性和细菌耐药性的风险。由于外科技术的进步和多重耐药微生物的出现，当前的预防指南需要修订。

La Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas（西班牙传染病和临床微生物学会）（SEIMC）与 Asociación Española de Cirujanos（西班牙外科医生协会）（AEC）一起修订和更新了抗生素预防的建议，以适应任何类型手术干预和当前流行病学。本文件汇集了各种手术中抗菌药物预防的建议，包括剂量、持续时间、特殊患者群体的预防以及多重耐药流行病学情况下的建议，以促进择期手术中抗菌药物的标准化管理和安全、有效、合理使用。