Abstract Wetlands provide diverse ecosystem services: they create habitats, provide hydrological control, and regulate biogeochemical cycles of flora and fauna through interaction with surrounding wetlands. These services vary temporally, depending primarily on hydro-climatic conditions and the type of wetland. To better understand the functions of wetlands, it is necessary to analyze the effect of stochastic hydro-climatic conditions on the dynamics of wetland surface area and the resulting dispersal of species. In this study, we analyzed the dynamics of the connectivity and efficiency of ecological networks according to (1) the characteristics of the wetland area distribution, which varies by season, and (2) dispersal models (threshold distance, exponential kernel, and heavy-tailed movement). The results indicate that hydrologically sensitive small wetlands were often the primary elements that characterize wetland area distribution. Consequently, during dry seasons, the corresponding ecological network topology, measured by mean degree, network efficiency, and clustering coefficient decreased in all dispersal models we tested. We also found that while the correlation of hubs between dispersal models was strong, the levels of network vulnerability, evaluated by removing those hubs, were different, with the heavy-tailed model showing the highest vulnerability. Moreover, we observed the possibility of regime shift in ecological networks when a chronic, high dryness induced significant reduction of large wetlands. Our network modeling approach based on hydrologic systems will provide a new decision-making process and perspectives for conservation and restoration planning including the conditions regarding climate change.

中文翻译：

---

依赖于短暂湿地复合体的随机生态网络

摘要 湿地提供多样化的生态系统服务：它们通过与周围湿地的相互作用创造栖息地，提供水文控制，并调节动植物的生物地球化学循环。这些服务随时间变化，主要取决于水文气候条件和湿地类型。为了更好地了解湿地的功能，有必要分析随机水文气候条件对湿地表面积动态和由此产生的物种扩散的影响。在本研究中，我们根据（1）随季节变化的湿地面积分布特征和（2）扩散模型（阈值距离、指数核和重尾运动）。结果表明，水文敏感的小湿地往往是表征湿地面积分布的主要要素。因此，在旱季，相应的生态网络拓扑，通过平均度、网络效率和聚类系数来衡量，在我们测试的所有扩散模型中都有所下降。我们还发现，虽然分散模型之间的集线器相关性很强，但通过删除这些集线器来评估的网络脆弱性水平不同，重尾模型显示出最高的脆弱性。此外，我们观察到当长期的高干旱导致大片湿地显着减少时，生态网络中可能发生状态转移。